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Land Warfare
2025 land market review: British Army woes, European heavy armour and US MBT progress
18th December 2025
The last year has seen several major procurements in the land market. Shephard’s Dr Peter Magill reviews the main trends and themes in land procurement of 2025.
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Land Warfare
Leopard MBT: Alpha beast gets a reboot (updated 2026)
6th April 2026
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. This article traces the history and development of the Leopard 1 and 2 as well as its variants, operational service and future prospects.
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Naval Warfare
SAHA 2026: Aselsan seeks to replicate Turkey’s UAV success at sea
7th May 2026
Turkey’s defence electronics company has unveiled two new uncrewed naval systems at SAHA 2026 – but the harder test will be converting it into an export success.
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Air Warfare
UK E-7 Wedgetail delay down to a “technology issue”, as MoD grapples with slipping timelines
18th March 2026
The first of three E-7 Wedgetail aircraft, originally ordered in 2019, is now expected to be delivered to the RAF this year after multiple “difficulties”.
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Naval Warfare
Ireland releases maritime strategy as it looks to new naval bases and stronger partnerships
27th February 2026
Ireland has a maritime area ten times the size of its land mass but has a limited naval capacity and faces an ongoing threat to critical underwater infrastructure. A new strategy is looking to address the challenge.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy to acquire and test uncrewed surface vessel prototypes by the end of FY2026
30th March 2026
The new autonomous surface vessels are planned to be operationally fielded in FY2027, following the completion of on-water trials.
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Air Warfare
MBDA signs Italian Navy Teseo Mk/E missile production contract, unveils HARPAX loitering munitions
2nd October 2025
The Mk/E missile will equip Italy’s FREMM EVO class frigates while MBDA’s Italian arm unveiled two of its new family of loitering munitions to respond to the needs of the Italian Army.
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Naval Warfare
Royal Canadian Navy’s SEA Torpedo Launcher Systems to enter production in November
20th October 2025
The article acceptance testing for the TLS, which is already in service with multiple armed forces including the UK Royal Navy, is scheduled for the end of 2026.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy bets on radio frequency to increase vessel protection against aerial threats
10th April 2026
A Northrop Grumman RF-based defensive capability will equip USN destroyers and aircraft carriers to enhance their survivability against missile and drone attacks.
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Land Warfare
Denmark shuns US platform as it settles on SAMP/T air defence system
16th September 2025
The acquisition, which is part of the country’s broader defence package worth DKK58 billion (US$9.2 billion), goes against the grain with many other European countries opting for the US’s popular Patriot platform.
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Naval Warfare
Is South Korea finally being taken seriously for Western submarine programmes?
2nd December 2025
South Korean shipbuilders are beginning to make their mark beyond Asia, competing for major North American and European submarine programmes and becoming serious contenders on a global scale.
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Defence Notes
UK faces cost of balancing defensive capabilities abroad as Iran conflict widens
11th March 2026
The UK has recently deployed a Type 45 destroyer to Cyprus and has bolstered its presence in the Middle East in recent weeks with supporting air power to protect neighbouring countries’ air defences.
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Land Warfare
UN “not fulfilling core tasks” for Ukraine, says Estonian defence secretary
10th March 2026
Estonia is looking for innovative ways to deal with its particular challenges but, according to the MoD’s permanent secretary, Kaimo Kuusk, technology still needs to be backed up by old-fashioned long-range punch.
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Land Warfare
US gives Patriot $50 billion boost, as Dutch to deliver first equipment under new scheme
5th August 2025
The Patriot Air Defence System has been a core part of equipment used in the Ukraine-Russia war, and will form part of the first Dutch military aid package backed by the new NATO-US Prioritised Ukraine Requirements List (PURL) initiative.
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Naval Warfare
Thales’ multirole missile delivers “tactical excellence” for UK Royal Navy
20th October 2025
The latest trials of Thales’ Lightweight Multirole Missile in two locations proved its effectiveness in combatting real-world uncrewed threats.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
MiG-35 (Russia)
The MiG-35 is a new-generation derivative of the twin-engine MiG-29 (NATO code-name ‘Fulcrum’) featuring multi-role combat capabilities, significantly reworked airframe and a vastly expanded arsenal ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
In June 2024, during a presentation provided at the NATO Maritime Security Centre of Excellence (MARSEC COE), the Italian Navy detailed the new capabilities it ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
In June 2024, during a presentation provided at the NATO Maritime Security Centre of Excellence (MARSEC COE), the Italian Navy detailed the new capabilities it ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. In April 2025, Spain released its upgraded ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. In April 2025, Spain released its upgraded ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
Jump 20 [Denmark]
Background 2020 Tender In January 2018, Denmark's three main political parties signed the Danish Defence Agreement, a cross-party defence white paper covering the period between ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
Joint Maritime Multi-Mission System (J3MS)/SIGINT Ship (2) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirements Since 2002, the Italian Navy has operated the SIGINT ship Elettra. The vessel, which is expected to remain in service until the ...
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AEW&C
Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
Programme Background NATO’s E-3A AWACS fleet is set to retire in 2035, after 50 years of service. To plan for the required follow-on capability, NATO's ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirements According to the presentation provided by the Italian Navy, the MultiroleUnderwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) will:operate a wide range of uncrewed systems, ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
Programme Background Requirements The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. Prior to that, ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Data links
Data links | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Military UAS - small
Puma 2 AE [Germany]
Programme Background The Germany navy had an urgent requirement for three UAS required for reconnaissance and identification in maritime operations. A platform was required that ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
MK244 Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) Enhanced Lethality Cartridge (ELC)
MK244 Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) Enhanced Lethality Cartridge (ELC) is a 20mm medium calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Light machine guns
LSAT LMG
Textron Systems Unmanned Systems is developing and maturing a Lightweight Small Arms Technologies (LSAT) family of weapons and ammunition with the US Army that fires ...
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Anti-ship missiles, Surface-to-surface missiles
3M-54 Kalibr
The 3M-54 Kalibr, or Klub (NATO reporting name: SS-N-27 'Sizzler'), is a Russian surface ship and submarine-launched anti-ship and land-attack cruise missile.
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
MK149 Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot
The MK149 Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) is a 20mm medium calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
105mm M490 Target Practice - Tracer
The 105mm M490 Target Practice - Tracer is a tank training round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
Kh-31
The Kh-31 (NATO reporting name AS-17 Krypton) is a Russian anti-ship missile that is known for its anti-radiation (Kh-31P) and anti-ship (Kh-31A) versions.
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Naval: COMINT and ELINT systems
Flat Track
The Flat Track (NATO reporting name) is a barrage and deception radar jamming system that is able to counter anti-ship missiles.
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Assault rifles/carbines/shotguns
6.5mm CT Carbine
The 6.5mm Cased Telescoped (CT) Carbine is a closed-bolt, forward-feed, gas piston-operated weapon being developed as part of the US Army's Lightweight Small Arms Technology ...
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Unguided Artillery Ammunition
105mm HE HB ER G3
The 105mm High Explosive (HE HB) extended range (ER) G3 ammunition round, manufactured by KNDS, is a part of the 105mm NATO standard shell family. ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
20MM PGU-28 A/B Semi-Armor Piercing High Explosive Incendiary (SAPHEI)
The 20MM PGU-28 A/B Semi-Armor Piercing High Explosive Incendiary (SAPHEI) is a medium-calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
M724A2 Target Practice Discarding Sabot-Tracer
The M724A2 Target Practice Discarding Sabot-Tracer is a 105mm training tank round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems. The US Army procured the 1,623 rounds ...
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Unguided Naval Ammunition
76 mm HE-M77
The 76 mm High Explosive M-77 naval ammunition is a high-explosive (HE) round for OM 76/62 naval guns manufactured by Elbit Systems. The HE round ...
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Major networking projects
NATO SATCOM
Leonardo has been awarded a turnkey contract to rationalise and upgrade NATO’s SATCOM systems and associated infrastructure. The company will design, build, test, commission and ...
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Major networking projects
NATO DCIS
Airbus is delivering the NATO Deployable Communication and Information System (DCIS). The project represents a major upgrade in the capability of NATO Response Forces (NRF) ...
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Land: RWS
Qimek NATO
Rheinmetall's RWS family includes the Qimek single-weapon RWS and the Nanuk dual-weapon RWS. The Qimek NATO combines full stabilisation, long-range day/night all-weather sights and a ...
