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Land Warfare
South American MBTs: upgrades and payload modernisation could shape procurement paths
8th June 2026
While South American geopolitics are complicated, the likelihood of inter-state warfare is low, calling into question the future of the venerable main battle tank.
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Air Warfare
October drone digest: Growing desire for CCAs and new VTOL technology unveiled
30th October 2025
During October 2025, several countries and organisations signalled their intention to acquire loyal wingman uncrewed aircraft systems — designated by the US Air Force as Collaborative Combat Aircraft — or to study the capability further, while various new uncrewed helicopters were showcased.
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Land Warfare
New agreement signed and another order for CV90s
24th November 2025
More than 1,800 BAE Systems Hägglunds CV90 armoured personnel carriers/infantry fighting vehicles have been ordered by European countries, with some looking at the platform as an option for a light tank.
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Air Warfare
Can emergent suppliers of fighter aircraft crack Middle East markets?
9th January 2026
The 2025 Dubai Airshow saw several aspiring suppliers of combat aircraft to the region’s air forces parade their wares in the sky and on the ground. Shephard’s Edward Hunt explores their chance of success in the Middle East.
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Land Warfare
Sweden to purchase IRIS-T air defence systems for $930 million
24th June 2025
This recent purchase of the medium-range air defence system adds to the country’s ongoing efforts to ramp up its overall defence readiness and capabilities.
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Air Warfare
Japan targets T-4 replacement ahead of GCAP as pressure mounts to modernise pilot training
6th June 2025
The JASDF has been looking to replace its T-4 jet fighters amid concerns over training capacity and pilot readiness for fifth-gen fighters.
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Air Warfare
India elevates defence systems to boost mountain surveillance
17th October 2025
India has strengthened its focus on terrain-adaptive intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance following recent incursions and drone activity along the country’s northern borders.
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Land Warfare
Arquus and Milrem push their UGVs fitted with long-range missiles
10th July 2025
Arquus displayed the Drailer uncrewed ground vehicle (UGV) integrating the Akeron LP long-range missile at the Techterre technology demonstrator event ahead of trials in September.
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Land Warfare
First gun barrels for British Army howitzers due from Rheinmetall’s new UK factory in 2027
13th January 2026
The new Rheinmetall facility will supply barrels for UK RCH 155 howitzers and Challenger 3 tanks while also opening up potential export opportunities, providing a currently absent national capability.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy approaches the award of a follow-on contract for Aegis production
23rd October 2025
Naval Sea Systems Command intends to grant a production agreement for the Aegis Weapon System covering the FY2026-FY2030 period.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: Oshkosh unveils a new line of UGVs
14th October 2025
The Family of Multi-Mission Autonomous Vehicles has been designed to operate in contested environments and support long-range precision fires, resilient formations and crewed/uncrewed teaming.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy seeks industry partners to address pressing research needs
10th June 2025
The Office of Naval Research will host an Industry Engagement Day in August aiming at building new partnerships and advancing its science and technology initiatives in multiple areas.
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Land Warfare
May land forces roundup: counter-drone systems move up the agenda
2nd June 2026
There has been a drive towards uncrewed aerial systems and defeating them in recent weeks, with NATO exercises addressing the danger, new systems unveiled and a new Latvian counter-drone unit stood up following recent incursions.
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Land Warfare
Leopard MBT: Alpha beast gets a reboot (updated 2026)
6th April 2026
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. This article traces the history and development of the Leopard 1 and 2 as well as its variants, operational service and future prospects.
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Naval Warfare
How China’s naval advancements are pushing the US Navy to innovate
21st January 2026
The US Navy is set to invest $30 billion in artificial intelligence, cyber, space and autonomy research and development efforts in FY2026 as the force rethinks how it fights in light of China’s naval rise.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
MUM-T Drone [Thailand]
Programme Background Roadmap In February 2024, the RTAF unveiled its White Paper 2024. Incorporating lessons from the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Israel-Hamas War, and other events ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Apache Adjacent UAVs [Australia]
Background Requirement As reported by Shephard from the Australian International Airshow 2025, Australia requires a platform to support the manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) alongside the repoed 29 Apache AH-64E ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Air Launched Effect (ALE) [South Korea]
Programme Background KF-21 Boramae Crewed Fighter The Republic of Korea's Air Force (ROKAF) plans to acquire the KF-21 Boramae fighter, replacing F-4E Phantom II and ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Air Launched Loyal Wingman [Japan]
Programme Background Air-Launched Loyal Wingman As reported by Shephard, a 30 October 2020 contract awarded to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) meant the company would lead ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
KF-21 Loyal Wingman [South Korea]
Background KF-21 Boramae Crewed Fighter The Republic of Korea’s Air Force (ROKAF) plans to acquire the KF-21 Boramae fighter, replacing F-4E Phantom II and F-5E/F fighters in the ROKAF. ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Embarked VTOL UAV [South Korea]
Background VTOL Development In January 2024, South Korea's Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) announced that it would commence development of a VTOL-capable rotary-wing UAV to be ...
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Trainer
Hawk 127 Replacement (Future Lead-In Fighter Training System- Project Air 6002 PH1) [Australia]
Programme Background Requirements The RAAF is seeking a future solution that provides a ‘relevant, adaptable, affordable and safe LIFTS out to 2050’ for training pilots ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Camcopter S-300 [South Korea]
Programme Background Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) On 18 January 2023, Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) signed a memorandum of agreement (MOA) with Northop Grumman at a ...
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Main battle tanks
T-90M Proryv (New-Build)
The first contract for the T-90M was disclosed in August 2017. Comprising 30 tanks in total, it covered the upgrade of 20 T-90As to T-90M ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
T-15 Armata (Contracted)
Programme Background The first contract for 132 Armatas was signed by the Russian MoD in 2015. This will comprise sufficient T-14, T-15 heavy IFV and ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
T-15 Armata [Russia]
Programme Background The first contract for 132 Armatas was signed by the Russian MoD in 2015. This will comprise sufficient T-14, T-15 heavy IFV and ...
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Main battle tanks
Iraq T-90S MBT (First Batch)
Programme Background Iraq has reportedly been interested in acquiring Russian equipment such as the T-90S MBT as far back as 2012, but the signing of ...
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Main battle tanks
T-14 Armata [Russia]
Programme Background The first contract for 132 Armatas was signed by the Russian MoD in 2015. This will comprise sufficient T-14, T-15 heavy IFV and ...
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Main battle tanks
T-14 Armata (Contracted)
Programme Background The first contract for 132 Armatas was signed by the Russian MoD in 2015. This will comprise sufficient T-14, T-15 heavy IFV and ...
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Trainer
T-4 Replacement [Japan]
Programme Background The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) has been using the T-4 as an intermediate trainer jet since 1988, but now the Acquisition, Technology ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
MUM-T
The Military Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) is a UAS in development by Korean Aerospace Industries. Showcased at Seoul ADEX 2021, the MUM-T can be launched from the ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Demogorgon
In late October 2021, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) awarded Kratos Unnamed Systems Division an initial $17.68 million 12-month cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to develop an Off-Board Sensing ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Air Launched Effect (ALE)
The Air-Launched Effect (ALE) is an in-development uncrewed platform from Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI). Shown at IDEX 2023, it is set to come in two variants, one ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - HALE
Uncrewed Checkmate
At the Dubai Airshow 2021, United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), the parent company of Checkmate manufacturer Sukhoi Design Bureau, announced its intention to manufacture an uncrewed version of ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - HALE
Arrow
The Arrow is a supersonic prototype UAV developed by Singapore-based Kelley Aerospace. According to the manufacturer, the 16.8t prototype will be operated as a conventional UAV, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Koios
Callen-Lenz manufactures the Koios, a small UAS that is available in VTOL and non-VTOL variants. Designed for the civil and military market, as standard, the ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - HALE
Defender
The Defender is a jet-powered uncrewed escort aircraft built by GA-ASI. The primary goal of the UAV is to protect high-value airborne assets, such as refuelling ...
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Land: handheld NV devices, Land: handheld day observation/surveillance and targeting systems, Weapon sights for night use (image intensifiers)
MUM-14
The Multi-Use Mini-Monocular (MUM-14) is a modular, passive NVD designed to maintain situation awareness in a range of low-light conditions, utilising a single Gen III ...
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Data links
Micro TMA
Thales Micro TMA is a high-rate datalink designed for uncrewed platforms and video streaming applications from aircraft. It provides command and control functions as well ...
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Loitering munitions
Mighty Hornet IV
Unveiled in September 2025, the Mighty Hornet IV is a development of the MQM-178 target drone designed for attack missions. Kratos and the National Chung-Shan Institute ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
MUCCA
Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) is developing the MUCCA, a medium cooperative uncrewed fighter to potentially operate alongside the Republic of Korea Air Force's (ROKAF) KF-21 ...
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Heavy UGVs
Havoc 8x8 RCV
The Havoc 8x8 Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) is a heavy UGV currently being developed by Milrem. It is expected to enter production in 2028 or ...
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Air: aerial targets
BQM-34 Firebee
The BQM-34 Firebee is an uncrewed aerial target system that the USAF and USN have used for more than 50 years. The primary mission of ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Terrex 2
The Terrex 2 is a larger, heavier version of ST Engineering's Terrex 8x8 armoured vehicle. Available in both amphibious and non-amphibious configurations, it is capable ...
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Military - USVs
Marlin
Marlin is a Turkish uncrewed surface vessel (USV) equipped with electronic warfare and other equipment that has been used on exercises with the Turkish Navy.
