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Air Warfare
Nuclear “Manhattan Project-type endeavour” plausible for AI advancement, says UK Chief of Defence Staff
19th August 2025
Admiral Sir Tony Radakin also urged caution over a “drone-tastic” way of thinking when it comes to their use alongside traditional air and underwater domain platforms.
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Land Warfare
What do Russia or Ukraine need to win the war?
28th February 2025
Shephard looks at both the doctrine and equipment perspective and considers what both countries would require in order to ensure victory.
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Land Warfare
Czech Republic set to order RBS 70 NG systems as CAESAR howitzers begin production
2nd June 2025
The Czech Government is to approve the purchase of a fleet of vehicle mounted integrated air defence systems as the country invests to overhaul its equipment. Spending includes two dozen F-35As, CAESAR howitzers and refurbished Leopard tanks.
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Land Warfare
Lockheed Martin wins deals for missiles and systems worth $5 billion
15th August 2025
There continues to be an insatiable desire for air-defence and air-launched missiles and systems in the US and worldwide. Lockheed Martin’s latest deals reinforce the demand and highlight the supply chain challenge for manufacturing solid rocket motors.
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Air Warfare
Taurus KEPD 350E missile sees upgrade for German armed forces
4th April 2025
Taurus Systems, a joint venture between MBDA Germany and Saab, was awarded a $161 million 10-year contract in January 2025 to modernise the Taurus 350 missile.
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Land Warfare
IDEF 2025: Ukraine presents two wheeled armoured fighting vehicles
23rd July 2025
The smaller vehicle is based on the commercial Toyota Land Cruiser 79 chassis and the larger vehicle has a gross vehicle weight of 18t of which includes 4t of payload.
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Uncrewed Vehicles
SOF Week 2025: Teledyne FLIR white paper provides guidance on reusable loitering munitions
6th May 2025
Teledyne FLIR is highlighting the emerging requirements for 'recoverable and re-usable' loitering munitions across the contemporary operating environment during this week’s SOF Week conference in Tampa, Florida.
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Defence Notes
UK Parliament told that Europe needs to do more within NATO and undertake reforms
5th March 2025
Speaking before a committee on European affairs, the speakers addressed recent developments following an eventful few days. During this period, the UK pushed for increased support for Ukraine, while the EU eased budget constraints to allow for greater defence spending. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic, US President Donald Trump introduced tariffs that could impact the defence industry.
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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall awarded contract to supply Gepard 35mm ammunition to Ukraine
6th January 2025
Ukraine is operating ex-German Army Gepard air-defence guns donated more than two years ago.
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Land Warfare
Large 10×10 vehicles go in search of a role
2nd July 2025
Wheeled vehicles ranging in size from 4×4 to 8×8 provide high-speed at a good level of mobility compared to tracked. However, tracked can be larger and have a higher level of mobility in marginal terrain with a smaller turning circle. What are the possibilities for a 10×10?
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Naval Warfare
£30 million UK-New Zealand deal sends new uncrewed vehicles to Ukraine
23rd April 2025
Sam Vye, the CEO of SYOS Aerospace, which supplied the vehicles, explained the rapid development and deployment of assets in the uncrewed world.
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Land Warfare
Raytheon and Diehl Defence sign deal to co-produce Stinger missiles in Europe
19th August 2025
An agreement has been signed that will extend Stinger missile system production to Europe with Diehl Defence currently looking at manufacturing locations.
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Naval Warfare
Entire Black Sea “a contested maritime area”, says Commander of Estonian Navy
8th January 2025
The use of uncrewed vessels and vehicles has been crucial so far, but the Commander of the Estonian Navy warns against inflating their importance.
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Land Warfare
What does the future hold for North Korean troops in Ukraine?
3rd February 2025
Various questions remain unanswered regarding the presence of North Korean troops in Ukraine.
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Defence Notes
UK Chancellor commits £2 billion to make the country a “defence industrial superpower”
26th March 2025
Rachel Reeves announced port upgrades, protected budgets for innovation and investment in novel technologies.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
RQ-35 Heidrun (Ukraine Aid) [Germany]
Programme Background Early 2024 On 28 March 2024, the German Federal Government provided an update on the military aid it had given to Ukraine. In ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Akinci [Ukraine]
Programme Background Two Export Contracts In January 2022, the Daily Sabah reported that Baykar had "recently" signed its first export contract for the Akinci. Haluk Bayraktar ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 600 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background $300 Million USAI (1 April 2022) On 1 April 2022, the US DoD announced a $300 million military aid package for Ukraine following ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Phoenix Ghost (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background Presidential Drawdown (21 April 2022) Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, on 21 April 2022, President Biden announced an $800 ...
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Patrol boats
FPB 98 (Ukraine)
Programme Background The international competition had been launched in the Spring of 2018 by the Ukrainian Ministry of Interior for the reinforcement of the State ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 (Aid & Discounted Units) [Ukraine]
Programme Background Pre Invasion Units The Ukrainian Army purchased 12 TB2 units in January 2019 for a reported $69 million. Deliveries began in June 2019, ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
UX11 (Ukraine Aid) [France]
Programme Background First Batch On 6 September 2023, Sébastien Lecornu, the French Minister of Defence, announced Delair was providing Ukraine with more than 150 drones. ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
T-150 (Ukraine Aid) [UK]
Programme Background Virtual Address On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. On 3 May 2022, the UK's Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, virtually addressed the Ukrainian ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CV90 [Ukraine - Forecast]
Programme Background Announced at the NATO Defense Ministers’ Meeting in Brussels in June 2023, Ukraine formally signed a Joint Declaration on Cooperation in the Procurement and Operation ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 300 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background Presidential Drawdown (16 March 2022 & 13 April 2022) On 16 March 2022, President Biden announced $800 million in security assistance to Ukraine through ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Lithuania]
Programme Background 3000 FPV Drones On 5 April 2024, the Lithuanian MoD announced it would purchase around 3,000 Lithuanian-made FPV drones to give to Ukraine to ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Norway]
Programme Background September 2024 On 3 September 2024, the Norwegian government announced that "Ukraine will get more drones donated to their frontline, and more air ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Bison & Coyote (Ukraine Aid) [Canada]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Canada has been one of several NATO countries to supply Ukraine with continuous support. ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Latvian Drones (2024) (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Background Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG) In January 2024, the Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG), a multi-nation organisation that coordinates military aid for Ukraine, established a drone ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones [Lithuania]
Programme Background Ukraine FPV Drones On 5 April 2024, the Lithuanian MoD announced it would purchase around 3,000 Lithuanian-made FPV drones to give to Ukraine ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Vespa-15
The Vespa-15 is a first-person view (FPV) rotary-wing UAV manufactured by a Ukrainian company. In May 2025, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of Ukraine announced it ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Shpak
Shpak is a mini rotary wing, FPV style, UAV manufactured by RSI Europe. Primarily designed to carry explosives, the drone was developed to help Ukraine ...
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Tanks
T-80UD
The 125mm-armed T-80UD MBT is a variant of the T-80 which was in production in Ukraine when the Soviet Union broke up in 1991. An ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Pro
The Pro VTOL is a fixed-wing UAV from DeltaQuad. It is available in three models, the Map, View and Cargo variants, which primarily impact the attached payload. ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
REX
The REX is an in-development Ukrainian mini-attack drone. It can hold and subsequently drop various munitions weighing up to 10kg and can locate, fix, track, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Observer-S
The Observer-S is a UAV produced by Def C of the Intecracy Group in Ukraine. Its main purpose is aerial survey and reconnaissance. It is ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Astero
Manufactured by Nordic Wing, the Astero is a fixed-wing mini UAV designed for ISR missions. The drone is equipped with a NightHawk 2 camera. In the ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Black Hornet 3
The Black Hornet 3 is the next generation of the PD-100 Black Hornet, the world's smallest nano-UAS. This new model of the Black Hornet provides ...
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Loitering munitions
HF-1
The HF-1 is a loitering munition produced by Helsing in cooperation with Ukrainian companies. Germany is acquiring and supplying a vast quantity of the aircraft to Ukraine ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Patriot R2
The new-generation Patriot R2 UAS is used for military and civil/commercial applications and provides reconnaissance support. It was designed in response to fighting that occurred ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
SURA HMTDS
SURA is a helmet-mounted display system produced in Ukraine. Notably, it offers off-boresight acquisition capability to pilots and can cue the aircraft's sensor systems using ...
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Aircraft carriers
Liaoning (Type 001)
Liaoning, China's first aircraft carrier, is a refurbished cold war-era aircraft carrier that was commissioned in 2012. The ship is a former Soviet Navy aircraft ...
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Air-to-air missiles
Vympel R-27
The Vympel R-27 (NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo) is a Soviet air-to-air missile. It remains in service with the Russian Air Force and is also ...
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Crew-served assault/anti-tank weapons
Stugna
The Stugna-P is an anti-tank guided missile system designed and manufactured in Ukraine by the Kyiv-based Luch design bureau. It features a laser-guided system with ...
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EO/IR systems
NightHawk2-UZ
The NightHawk2-UZ is a dual EO-IR stabilised camera turret from NextVision designed for long-range observation applications that demand low weight. The 350g sensor's IR camera has a 1280x720p ...