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Air Warfare
March drone digest: Long-range, low-cost loitering munitions are changing warfare economics
1st April 2026
The effective use of the Shahed-136 in the Iran war has highlighted the need for countries to acquire a domestically produced, low-cost, long-range loitering munition, with the US, Turkey and European nations all at various stages of developing a similar capability.
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Defence Notes
NATO signs agreements worth billions of dollars on missiles, air defence and aircraft
9th July 2026
Announcements on aircraft deals and agreements for trans-alliance cooperation to boost the production and purchase of weapons and equipment were key takeaways from this week’s NATO summit.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: AM General Hawkeye awaits first production contract
16th October 2025
AM General presented its new Hawkeye at AUSA 2025 in Washington, with prototypes of the howitzer system having been trialled in Ukraine last year.
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Defence Notes
“The challenge is not demand, but delivery”: why rapid building of industrial capability is key to Europe’s future defence
3rd June 2026
In today’s complex security landscape, military requirements are rapidly evolving across all domains. As European defence spending rises, industry is under growing pressure to expand production capacity, strengthen supply chains and accelerate delivery timelines to meet operational demand.
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Land Warfare
Spain to invest billions of dollars on howitzers and other vehicles as it looks to select new tanks
16th July 2025
The Spanish Government has outlined plans to purchase communications and cybersecurity capabilities but most notably amphibious combat vehicles, self-propelled howitzers (SPHs), bridge-laying vehicles and an effort to replace its tanks from 2040.
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Defence Notes
Estonia opts for smart, adaptable and cooperative solutions in the face of Russian threat
20th March 2026
Estonian-made equipment is being put through the toughest of evaluations in the hands of Ukrainian soldiers resisting the full-scale Russian invasion which began in 2022. The country has long seen the threat and is continuing to adapt for the future.
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Land Warfare
Still no clarity on the future of the British Army’s new wheeled artillery system
13th November 2025
The UK donated its AS90 155mm/39cal tracked self-propelled howitzers to Ukraine ahead of planned retirement and bought Archer platforms to fill the gap. Eventually RCH 155s were ordered but the procurement effort remains under a cloud.
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Land Warfare
February land forces roundup: ST Engineering and Russia lift the lid on new platforms
27th February 2026
This month we saw a major presence from Turkish, Russian and Chinese companies at the World Defense Show with new vehicles from major suppliers, while elsewhere there were evolving mortar programmes and artillery modernisation efforts.
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Land Warfare
Romania set to order KF41 Lynx infantry fighting vehicles
17th November 2025
Romania’s effort to buy infantry fighting vehicles is expected to include five configurations: a standard platform with a 30mm autocannon, a command variant, an armoured recovery vehicle, a medical evacuation vehicle and a 120mm self-propelled mortar.
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Land Warfare
HIMARS rising: sales, industrial cooperation and missile tests are driving the weapon forward
17th April 2026
Australia's milestone Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System test and a wave of fresh contracts and production ramp-ups highlight the building momentum behind long-range strike systems globally, with HIMARS leading the way.
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Land Warfare
May land forces roundup: counter-drone systems move up the agenda
2nd June 2026
There has been a drive towards uncrewed aerial systems and defeating them in recent weeks, with NATO exercises addressing the danger, new systems unveiled and a new Latvian counter-drone unit stood up following recent incursions.
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Land Warfare
Canada unveils plans for mobile artillery
27th May 2025
Canada did deploy the US M109 155mm/39 cal tracked self-propelled artillery system as its only mobile weapon for many years but these were finally declared surplus in 2005.
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Land Warfare
Sweden turns to Nammo and Rheinmetall as world demand grows for 155mm shells
9th July 2025
Demand for ammunition continues to increase with manufacturing capability growing to match. Sweden have turned to the two supply lines of Rheinmetall and Nammo as part of a Nordic effort to meet demand. The Polish Government has also announced a US$700 million investment to boost manufacture of munitions.
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Land Warfare
2025 land market review: British Army woes, European heavy armour and US MBT progress
18th December 2025
The last year has seen several major procurements in the land market. Shephard’s Dr Peter Magill reviews the main trends and themes in land procurement of 2025.
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Land Warfare
Large 10×10 vehicles go in search of a role
2nd July 2025
Wheeled vehicles ranging in size from 4×4 to 8×8 provide high-speed at a good level of mobility compared to tracked. However, tracked can be larger and have a higher level of mobility in marginal terrain with a smaller turning circle. What are the possibilities for a 10×10?
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Self-propelled guns
Wheeled artillery vehicle (VAR) [Argentina]
Programme Background Argentina currently operates a small fleet of SPHs, split between 24 AMX Mk F3s and 18 VCAs. Both platforms have now exceeded their ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 1) [Estonia]
Programme Background Prior to procuring Caesar, Estonia was in the process of acquiring the K9 Thunder as well. In June 2024, Estonia announced that it would ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar [Ireland]
Background Ireland currently maintains a small army designed for home defence. It is only deployed abroad as part of operations authorised by the UN. As ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar [Lithuania]
Programme Background In June 2022, Lithuania awarded KNDS France a contract for 18 Caesar SPHs. This came in the wake of Russia's full-scale invasion of ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 1) [Czech Republic]
Background The Czech Republic currently operates a small fleet of Dana SPHs. A total of 273 were produced for Czechoslovakia, of which 86 remain in Czech ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 2) [Estonia]
Programme Background Estonia procured its first 12 Caesars in June 2024, with deliveries taking place in 2025. This second contract, awarded in February 2026, mirrors ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 2) [Czech Republic]
Background The Czech Republic currently operates a small fleet of Dana SPHs. A total of 273 were produced for Czechoslovakia, of which 86 remain in Czech ...
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Self-propelled guns
AMX Mk F3 replacement [Ecuador]
Background Ecuador currently operates 12 AMX Mk F3s as its only SPH. Acquired in 1976, they are increasingly obsolete and in need of a replacement. ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar [France]
Background France first procured the Caesar in 2004, when it ordered 72 vehicles. These were subsequently delivered by 2008. In July 2022, France ordered a ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 1) [Belgium]
Background The Belgian Army currently operates a small number of towed artillery pieces. However, the ongoing war in Ukraine has demonstrated that towed artillery is ...
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Self-propelled guns
New wheeled howitzer [Spain]
Background The majority of Spain's current artillery fleet consists of towed platforms, with over 200 in service. Its SPH capability consists of 96 M109A5 Paladins. Spain's ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar [Croatia]
Background Croatia currently operates the Soviet 2S1 Gvozdika, alongside a small number of German PzH 2000s. Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, multiple ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 2) [Belgium]
Background The Belgian Army currently operates a small number of towed artillery pieces. However, the ongoing war in Ukraine has demonstrated that towed artillery is ...
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Self-propelled guns
M109 Paladin Replacement [Latvia]
Programme Background Latvia acquired 47 Paladins in the M109A5Oe configuration from 2017 to 2018. These vehicles, purchased second-hand from Austria, had been upgraded to this configuration ...
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Self-propelled guns, APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Mobile Fires Platform [UK]
Background Post-Cold War requirements Following the end of the Cold War, the UK operated a single 155mm artillery system, the AS90. The UK procured a ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Unguided Artillery Ammunition
155MM LU 211
German company KNDS-Nexter's 155MM LU 211 is a long-ranged medium calibre artillery shell designed to neutralise and supress the enemy. It can engage targets at ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar 6x6 MkII + 8x8
Nexter’s Caesar (CAmion Equipé d’un Système d’ARtillerie) is a self-propelled 155mm/52cal artillery mounted available on either a 6x6 or 8x8 truck chassis. The configuration was chosen to provide ...
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Land: air defence simulators
CAESAR
The Computer Aided Evaluation System for Air Defence Rating (CAESAR) was designed for air defence mission planning and provides a means to train commanders and ...
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Towed guns
Trajan
Nexter unveiled the Trajan 155 mm/52 calibre towed gun at IDEX 2013. Trajan was developed for the export market, with the first potential customer being ...
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Self-propelled guns
ATMOS
Unveiled in 1999, the Autonomous Truck Mounted Howitzer System (ATMOS) was developed by Soltam Systems (now Elbit Systems) as a private venture to meet the ...
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Land: battle management systems
ATLAS
An interoperable C4I system for artillery missions and resources deployed in the French Army. Commissioned in 2005, ATLAS represents a main element of battlespace digitisation, ...
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Air: Integrated cockpit systems
Helic³om
Helic³om is a fully digital, integrated C3 and mission management system designed to provide crew with data communications and accurate, real-time tactical pictures. The modular ...
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Towed guns
AH4
In 2010, Norinco revealed that it was developing the AH4 155mm/39cal Lightweight Gun Howitzer to provide a lightweight alternative to its 12.5t AH1 155mm/45cal and ...
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Unguided Artillery Ammunition
155mm HE M107
The 155mm High Explosive (HE) M107 is a high explosive artillery ammunition round manufactured by KNDS. The ammunition is designed to be fired from 155mm ...
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Self-propelled guns
Centauro 155/39
The Centauro 155/39 artillery system is being developed by CIO to meet the Italian Army's requirement for an ultra-lightweight self-propelled wheeled howitzer to equip the ...
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Guided munitions
Hypervelocity Projectile (HVP)
The Hypervelocity Projectile (HVP), developed by BAE Systems, is a high-speed precision munition capable of operating from existing gun systems. Initially conceived for the electromagnetic ...
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Self-propelled guns, Land: manned turrets
T6 Turret
Building on its experience producing the G6 6x6 155mm SPH, Denel Land Systems developed the T6 155mm/52cal turret, first shown publicly in 2003, for the ...
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Air: mission management systems
Storm FCC
Storm Fire Control Computer (FCC) is a family of computers developed to meet artillery and mortar firing requirements in international markets. Designed according to NATO ...
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Towed guns
Panter
MKEK developed the 155mm/52cal Panter towed howitzer in the 1990s to replace Turkish Land Forces Command's (TLFC's) 60-year-old, US-built M114 155mm towed artillery systems.
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Self-propelled guns
MGS-25 Aleksandar
Yugoimport-SDPR unveiled the MGS-25 Aleksandar 155mm/52cal wheeled SPH at the Partner defence exhibition in July 2017, which builds on the company's experience producing the Nora ...
