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Defence Notes
Estonia opts for smart, adaptable and cooperative solutions in the face of Russian threat
20th March 2026
Estonian-made equipment is being put through the toughest of evaluations in the hands of Ukrainian soldiers resisting the full-scale Russian invasion which began in 2022. The country has long seen the threat and is continuing to adapt for the future.
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Defence Notes
“The challenge is not demand, but delivery”: why rapid building of industrial capability is key to Europe’s future defence
3rd June 2026
In today’s complex security landscape, military requirements are rapidly evolving across all domains. As European defence spending rises, industry is under growing pressure to expand production capacity, strengthen supply chains and accelerate delivery timelines to meet operational demand.
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Land Warfare
February land forces roundup: ST Engineering and Russia lift the lid on new platforms
27th February 2026
This month we saw a major presence from Turkish, Russian and Chinese companies at the World Defense Show with new vehicles from major suppliers, while elsewhere there were evolving mortar programmes and artillery modernisation efforts.
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Land Warfare
2025 land market review: British Army woes, European heavy armour and US MBT progress
18th December 2025
The last year has seen several major procurements in the land market. Shephard’s Dr Peter Magill reviews the main trends and themes in land procurement of 2025.
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Land Warfare
IDEF 2025: Turkey’s MKE unveils electric armoured vehicles
1st August 2025
MKE’s move into the development of armoured vehicles and turret is a new line for MKE. The company is not only the largest contractor for small arms and ammunition in Tukey but are also prime contractor for artillery and tank barrels as well as the Bora 105mm towed howitzer.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: Oshkosh unveils a new line of UGVs
14th October 2025
The Family of Multi-Mission Autonomous Vehicles has been designed to operate in contested environments and support long-range precision fires, resilient formations and crewed/uncrewed teaming.
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Land Warfare
HIMARS arrive in Hawaii as first multinational launch in Australia takes place
18th July 2025
The M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launcher is in high demand with Lockheed Martin doubling speed of manufacture since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. As orders are racked up in Europe, the Indo-Pacific region is seeing the increasing presence of the system.
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Land Warfare
HIMARS rising: sales, industrial cooperation and missile tests are driving the weapon forward
17th April 2026
Australia's milestone Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System test and a wave of fresh contracts and production ramp-ups highlight the building momentum behind long-range strike systems globally, with HIMARS leading the way.
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: Larger vehicles begin to turn to the benefits of rubber tracks
5th September 2025
Composite rubber tracks (CRTs) have substantial benefits over conventional steel tracks including reduced damage when travelling on roads and reduced vibration, noise, thermal signature, weight and fuel consumption.
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Land Warfare
Germany to increase artillery capability
23rd May 2025
Germany has substantially reduced its artillery capability since the end of the Cold War but is now looking to substantially boost numbers in the face of a changed geopolitical environment across the continent.
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Land Warfare
Hundreds of Boxers with Puma turrets ordered for Dutch and German forces
21st October 2025
The order is for 270 vehicles, 222 of which are infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) known as Schakal (Jackal), which integrates the advanced Puma IFV RCT30 turret onto the Boxer chassis.
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Defence Notes
Companies’ results boom as countries dig deep to buy missiles and air defence systems
31st October 2025
Air defence systems are continuing to appear top of countries’ shopping lists but broadly across different capabilities it is a sellers’ market, as demonstrated by backlogs and double-digit percentage point growth.
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Land Warfare
May land forces roundup: counter-drone systems move up the agenda
2nd June 2026
There has been a drive towards uncrewed aerial systems and defeating them in recent weeks, with NATO exercises addressing the danger, new systems unveiled and a new Latvian counter-drone unit stood up following recent incursions.
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Land Warfare
Estonia receives first deliveries of new CAESAR 155mm self-propelled howitzer
30th January 2025
The Estonian Centre for Defence Investments (ECDI) signed contracts in June 2024 to acquire 12 CAESAR (CAmion Equipé d’un Système d’ARtillerie) wheeled self-propelled howitzers (SPH). The contract also includes the option to purchase additional howitzers.
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Land Warfare
Western Europe is looking to refresh its APC/IFV fleets with potential $41 billion spend
4th December 2025
As militaries across Western Europe continue to modernise their capabilities, there are some major potential opportunities in the requirement for armoured personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Self-propelled guns
Wheeled artillery vehicle (VAR) [Argentina]
Programme Background Argentina currently operates a small fleet of SPHs, split between 24 AMX Mk F3s and 18 VCAs. Both platforms have now exceeded their ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 1) [Estonia]
Programme Background Prior to procuring Caesar, Estonia was in the process of acquiring the K9 Thunder as well. In June 2024, Estonia announced that it would ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar [Lithuania]
Programme Background In June 2022, Lithuania awarded KNDS France a contract for 18 Caesar SPHs. This came in the wake of Russia's full-scale invasion of ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 1) [Czech Republic]
Background The Czech Republic currently operates a small fleet of Dana SPHs. A total of 273 were produced for Czechoslovakia, of which 86 remain in Czech ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 2) [Estonia]
Programme Background Estonia procured its first 12 Caesars in June 2024, with deliveries taking place in 2025. This second contract, awarded in February 2026, mirrors ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar (Batch 2) [Czech Republic]
Background The Czech Republic currently operates a small fleet of Dana SPHs. A total of 273 were produced for Czechoslovakia, of which 86 remain in Czech ...
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Self-propelled guns
AMX Mk F3 replacement [Ecuador]
Background Ecuador currently operates 12 AMX Mk F3s as its only SPH. Acquired in 1976, they are increasingly obsolete and in need of a replacement. ...
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Self-propelled guns
New wheeled howitzer [Spain]
Background The majority of Spain's current artillery fleet consists of towed platforms, with over 200 in service. Its SPH capability consists of 96 M109A5 Paladins. Spain's ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar [Croatia]
Background Croatia currently operates the Soviet 2S1 Gvozdika, alongside a small number of German PzH 2000s. Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, multiple ...
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Self-propelled guns
M109 Paladin Replacement [Latvia]
Programme Background Latvia acquired 47 Paladins in the M109A5Oe configuration from 2017 to 2018. These vehicles, purchased second-hand from Austria, had been upgraded to this configuration ...
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Self-propelled guns
Mobile Tactical Cannon [USA]
Background The US Army began using the M777 in 1995. Since then, it has served as a field artillery piece providing fire support for American ...
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Self-propelled guns
ATMOS [Colombia]
Programme background The Colombian army currently operates a variety of towed artillery platforms. The acquisition of self-propelled platforms is intended to enhance the capabilities of ...
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Self-propelled guns, APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Mobile Fires Platform [UK]
Background Post-Cold War requirements Following the end of the Cold War, the UK operated a single 155mm artillery system, the AS90. The UK procured a ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
DT46 [France]
Programme Background Reports Around Eurosatory 2024, multiple defence news outlets, notably Army Recognition and The Defence Post, reported that the French Army had acquired Delair's ...
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Self-propelled guns
ATMOS [Denmark]
Programme Background In 2016, the ATMOS was one of two systems shortlisted to meet a requirement from the Danish Army for up to 21 new ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Unguided Artillery Ammunition
155MM LU 211
German company KNDS-Nexter's 155MM LU 211 is a long-ranged medium calibre artillery shell designed to neutralise and supress the enemy. It can engage targets at ...
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Self-propelled guns
Caesar 6x6 MkII + 8x8
Nexter’s Caesar (CAmion Equipé d’un Système d’ARtillerie) is a self-propelled 155mm/52cal artillery mounted available on either a 6x6 or 8x8 truck chassis. The configuration was chosen to provide ...
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Towed guns
Trajan
Nexter unveiled the Trajan 155 mm/52 calibre towed gun at IDEX 2013. Trajan was developed for the export market, with the first potential customer being ...
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Land: air defence simulators
CAESAR
The Computer Aided Evaluation System for Air Defence Rating (CAESAR) was designed for air defence mission planning and provides a means to train commanders and ...
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Self-propelled guns
ATMOS
Unveiled in 1999, the Autonomous Truck Mounted Howitzer System (ATMOS) was developed by Soltam Systems (now Elbit Systems) as a private venture to meet the ...
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Land: battle management systems
ATLAS
An interoperable C4I system for artillery missions and resources deployed in the French Army. Commissioned in 2005, ATLAS represents a main element of battlespace digitisation, ...
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Caesar Trauma Patient Simulator
Caesar is claimed to be one of the most realistic and physiologically advanced trauma patient simulators available. The mannequin, which represents a 1.93m, 68kg soldier, ...
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Towed guns
AH4
In 2010, Norinco revealed that it was developing the AH4 155mm/39cal Lightweight Gun Howitzer to provide a lightweight alternative to its 12.5t AH1 155mm/45cal and ...
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Air: Integrated cockpit systems
Helic³om
Helic³om is a fully digital, integrated C3 and mission management system designed to provide crew with data communications and accurate, real-time tactical pictures. The modular ...
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Unguided Artillery Ammunition
155mm HE M107
The 155mm High Explosive (HE) M107 is a high explosive artillery ammunition round manufactured by KNDS. The ammunition is designed to be fired from 155mm ...
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Self-propelled guns
Centauro 155/39
The Centauro 155/39 artillery system is being developed by CIO to meet the Italian Army's requirement for an ultra-lightweight self-propelled wheeled howitzer to equip the ...
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Self-propelled guns, Land: manned turrets
T6 Turret
Building on its experience producing the G6 6x6 155mm SPH, Denel Land Systems developed the T6 155mm/52cal turret, first shown publicly in 2003, for the ...
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Guided munitions
Hypervelocity Projectile (HVP)
The Hypervelocity Projectile (HVP), developed by BAE Systems, is a high-speed precision munition capable of operating from existing gun systems. Initially conceived for the electromagnetic ...
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Towed guns
Panter
MKEK developed the 155mm/52cal Panter towed howitzer in the 1990s to replace Turkish Land Forces Command's (TLFC's) 60-year-old, US-built M114 155mm towed artillery systems.
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Air: mission management systems
Storm FCC
Storm Fire Control Computer (FCC) is a family of computers developed to meet artillery and mortar firing requirements in international markets. Designed according to NATO ...
