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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall looks to international partners as its sales grow
6th November 2025
Rheinmetall has been riding high for several years as countries look to buy artillery and budgets boom.
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Land Warfare
Air defence at scale: Europe’s challenge of cost, integration and sustainability
8th June 2026
The evolution of aerial threats is driving renewed investment in ground-based air defence across Europe. Yet beyond capability, a more pressing challenge is emerging: how to sustain air defence at scale, as rising costs, limited stockpiles and industrial production constraints place increasing pressure on existing structures.
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Land Warfare
Europe’s air defence boosted by more IRIS-T SLM system orders
4th August 2025
The IRIS-T (InfraRed Imaging System - Tail/thrust vector-controlled) SLM (Surface Launched Medium-Range) is a surface-to-air missile system has been developed by Diehl Defence. The system is a key part of the European Sky Shield Initiative (ESSI) and have been purchased by Sweden for this role.
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Land Warfare
How and why Europe is replenishing tube artillery in the drone warfare era
21st April 2026
Modern conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine war have exposed gaps in Western artillery, with European militaries increasingly looking to invest in longer-range systems with a focus on logistics and resilience.
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Land Warfare
CAVS rolls on as Denmark orders 129 vehicles
14th July 2025
Denmark signed the Technical Arrangement for the multinational Common Armoured Vehicle System (CAVS) in April this year. The order means the country will receive its first vehicle this year.
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Defence Notes
Estonia opts for smart, adaptable and cooperative solutions in the face of Russian threat
20th March 2026
Estonian-made equipment is being put through the toughest of evaluations in the hands of Ukrainian soldiers resisting the full-scale Russian invasion which began in 2022. The country has long seen the threat and is continuing to adapt for the future.
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Air Warfare
Bayraktar TB2: The $4.11 billion market success of a cost-effective MALE UAV
22nd January 2026
The success of the Bayraktar TB2 stems from it fulfilling a niche of providing reasonable capabilities at a low cost, leading to its acquisition by more than 30 countries including many in Africa; but there are reasons to be cautious about its potential future prospects.
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Land Warfare
Latvian ASCOD IFVs to enter service next year as country’s land programmes surge
1st June 2025
Latvia is buying Austrian Spanish Cooperative Development (ASCOD) infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs). The country is investing widely including in the purchase of High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS), Patria 6×6 vehicles, TRML-4D air defence radars and air defence systems and UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters.
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Air Warfare
Estonia proposes Baltic Drone Wall to protect NATO’s eastern flank
11th August 2025
The project, which involves several allied nations including Finland, Norway and Poland, is envisioned to involve different layers of systems and capabilities that can work to deter any possible Russian drone attacks.
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: Patria’s FAMOUS becomes TRACKX with production ready before end of 2027
10th September 2025
The first two Technology Test Beds (TTBs) have been completed and put through a series of company trials including sand, snow, swamp, forest and tarmac.
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Land Warfare
Patria's 6x6: protecting the eyes and ears of the battlefield
27th August 2025
Troops are more than boots on the ground — they’re an army’s eyes and ears. Wherever the mission leads, they must get there safely. Patria’s 6x6 delivers protected, dependable mobility — without compromise.
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Land Warfare
Bahrain approved for $500 million HIMARS order as production surges
15th August 2025
Lockheed Martin’s M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) is being widely ordered and deployed. The company has been working to ramp up production while continuing work to design and produce more potent missiles.
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Land Warfare
The British Army’s Land Mobility Programme – all change but no progress?
19th November 2025
The UK’s Land Mobility Programme, an effort to replace thousands of British Army vehicles, may be about to undergo a radical change in direction.
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Air Warfare
Final Dutch F-16 bound for Ukraine, as Sweden and Latvia commit further military aid
27th May 2025
Drones also remain a core focus for military aid funding from various allied countries, as the uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) remain a pivotal part of Ukraine’s defence strategy.
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Land Warfare
Leopard MBT: Alpha beast gets a reboot (updated 2026)
6th April 2026
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. This article traces the history and development of the Leopard 1 and 2 as well as its variants, operational service and future prospects.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Self-propelled rocket launchers
HIMARS [Latvia]
Background Latvia does not currently operate any multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS), with the Latvian army focusing primarily on tubed artillery. The experience of Ukrainian ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CVR(T) Scimitar 2 (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Programme Background Latvia acquired 123 Scimitar 2s from the UK, with deliveries from 2015 to 2020. They are due to be replaced by 84 ASCODs ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | Tripartite Class Replacement [Latvia]
Latvia currently operates five Tripartite-class minehunter vessels, which were delivered second-hand to Latvia between 2007 and 2011. The vessels have been in operation since the early ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | Tripartite Class Replacement [Latvia]
Latvia currently operates five Tripartite-class minehunter vessels, which were delivered second-hand to Latvia between 2007 and 2011. The vessels have been in operation since the early ...
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APCs/IFVs - 6x6
Patria 6x6 (Batch 1) [Latvia]
Programme Background Programme History Estonia, Finland and Latvia's intention to jointly develop and procure a new APC platform was first announced in December 2019, when ...
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APCs/IFVs - 6x6
Patria 6x6 (Batch 2) [Latvia]
Programme Background Programme History Estonia, Finland and Latvia's intention to jointly develop and procure a new APC platform was first announced in December 2019, when ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
ASCOD (Batch 2) [Latvia]
Programme Background Latvia began a selection process in early 2023 for a future IFV to replace its small fleet of ex-British CVR(T) tracked vehicles. Seeking ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
5,000 Latvian UAVs (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Background Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG) In January 2024, the Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG), a multi-nation organisation that coordinates military aid for Ukraine, established a drone ...
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APCs/IFVs - 6x6
Patria 6x6 (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Latvia has been part of the allied coalition providing Ukraine with military support. Previous Latvian ...
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Self-propelled guns
M109 Paladin Replacement [Latvia]
Programme Background Latvia acquired 47 Paladins in the M109A5Oe configuration from 2017 to 2018. These vehicles, purchased second-hand from Austria, had been upgraded to this configuration ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
ASCOD (Batch 1) [Latvia]
Programme Background Latvia began a selection process in early 2023 for a future IFV to replace its small fleet of ex-British CVR(T) tracked vehicles. Seeking ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 [Latvia]
Background Factory Visit On 7 June 2021, Baykar’s official Twitter account announced that the Latvian Minister of Defence, Artis Pabrikis, had visited the Baykar National ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
IRIS-T [Latvia]
Background In May 2023 it was announced that Latvia and Estonia would cooperate to acquire the IRIS-T SLM (surface-launched medium-range) system, with Latvia to receive two ...
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APCs/IFVs - 6x6
Patria 6x6 [Denmark]
Programme Background Programme History The Common Armoured Vehicle System (CAVS) programme brings together Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden to develop an armoured vehicle based on the ...
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LTVs - 4x4
G-Wagon Replacement [Latvia]
Programme Background Latvia procured 240 G-Wagons from Norway in 2004. These vehicles had been kept in storage in Norway and had very low mileage. This ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
BEAK
The BEAK is a Latvian man-portable quadcopter UAV, manufactured by Origin Robotics. It features an EO/IR camera payload and can host up to six munitions. ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CVR(T) Scimitar 2
The Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) (CVR(T)) family of lightweight armoured vehicles has been in continuous use with the British Army since its introduction in 1972. ...
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Land: battle management systems
ASOC
Under a contract awarded to Lockheed Martin by the USAF Electronic Systems Center in May 1997, the company is providing Air Sovereignty Operations Centers (ASOCs) ...
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EO/IR systems, Sea: ship surveillance and fire control systems
iSea-30HD
The iSea-30HD is part of the iSea family of compact observation systems designed for the harsh maritime environment. It features highly sensitive sensors, gyro-stabilization, and ...
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Crew-served grenade launchers
GMG
Heckler & Koch developed the 40mm Grenade Machine Gun (GMG) to meet the requirements of the German Army. The GMG has been selected by users ...
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APCs/IFVs - 6x6
Patria 6x6
Patria developed the Patria 6x6 APC, unveiled at the June 2018 Eurosatory exhibition, as a successor to the XA-series Pasi APC and to complement Patria's ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
ASCOD Common Base Platform
GDELS unveiled a new variant of its tracked ASCOD (Austrian Spanish Cooperative Development) IFV based on the new Common Base Platform (CBP) at the June ...
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Land: air defence radar
TPS-77 MRR
The TPS-77 MRR is a multirole radar (MRR), designed for low power consumption and is the most transportable version of the TPS-77 product line. This ...
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Land: air defence radar
TRML-4D
The TRML-4D is a multi-functional surveillance and target acquisition radar system developed by Hensoldt. It is the latest C-band (NATO G-band) TRS-4D radar family member, ...
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LTVs - 4x4
Sportsman MV850
The Sportsman MV850 is derived from the Polaris Sportsman commercial 4x4 all-terrain vehicle and has been modified for military use. The MV850 seats one with ...
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LTVs - 4x4
VR Fox
The VR Fox is a Light Tactical Vehicle (LTV) manufactured by Latvia's VR Cars. It is currently being manufactured for the Latvian Army as part ...
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Minehunters
Tripartite Class
A total of 45 Tripartite-class minehunters have been built, with the original intention that the three partner nations of Belgium, France and the Netherlands would ...
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Crew-served assault/anti-tank weapons
Carl-Gustaf M4
The Carl-Gustaf M4 is a fourth-generation, lightweight 84mm recoilless rifle developed by Saab Dynamics in September 2014. It is a highly versatile shoulder-launched weapon system ...
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Light UGVs
Natrix
The Natrix is a multipurpose UGV developed by Brasa Defence Systems. Conceived to carry equipment and conduct CASEVAC in a wide range of environments, the system ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
IRIS-T SLM
The IRIS-T SLM (Surface Launched Medium-Range) is a surface-to-air missile system developed by Diehl Defence as part of the IRIS-T family of missile systems. Several countries ...
