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Land Warfare
Europe looks to solve tank procurement challenges with upgraded and new platforms
28th August 2025
The UK government in 2019 reflected a common attitude towards main battle tanks (MBTs) across Western Europe as it moved to reduce its fleet from 227 Challenger 2 vehicles to 148, which would be upgraded under a plan that eventually produced the Challenger 3. Now, however, there is an increased interest in platforms new, upgraded and planned across the continent.
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Defence Notes
Estonia opts for smart, adaptable and cooperative solutions in the face of Russian threat
20th March 2026
Estonian-made equipment is being put through the toughest of evaluations in the hands of Ukrainian soldiers resisting the full-scale Russian invasion which began in 2022. The country has long seen the threat and is continuing to adapt for the future.
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Land Warfare
IDEF 2025: Turkey to get new border surveillance vehicles
28th July 2025
The vehicles are fitted with Aselsan Yanki gunshot detection system, Aselsan ACAR telescopic mast-mounted radar system and an Aselsan Shanin Gozu mast-mounted optical package.
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Defence Notes
Irish Naval Service expands as the country looks to defence during EU presidency
10th November 2025
The Irish Naval Service has struggled to maintain capability, particularly in the face of lucrative private sector offers luring away personnel.
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Land Warfare
Thales’ Ground Fire radar meets growing European demand for airspace protection
7th October 2025
The new radar will be used to enhance the French-Italian SAMP/T NG system with a greater surveillance range and wider coverage to detect, track and classify targets.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy prepares the next phase of the Arleigh Burke-class modernisation
23rd July 2025
The NAVSEA is carrying out market research and will conduct industry days in August to identify potential providers for the DDG MOD 2.0 stage.
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Defence Notes
Why the NORAD inventory might be the US and Canada’s Achilles’ heel
4th November 2025
Both the US and Canada operate Cold War-era capabilities which cannot defeat today’s and tomorrow’s threats.
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Air Warfare
Poland confirms US$3.8 billion F-16V upgrade
14th August 2025
The Mid-Life Upgrade agreement comes as Poland makes significant increases in its defence spend as its plans to increase it to 5% of GDP by 2026.
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Defence Notes
Australia’s Exercise Talisman Sabre concludes after a series of firsts
14th August 2025
More than 40,000 military personnel from 19 participating nations took part in the 11th iteration of the biennial Exercise Talisman Sabre multi-domain event which was held across Australia and in Papua New Guinea.
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Land Warfare
“A new philosophy of defence”: ASELSAN sets out ambitions for the future
14th November 2025
In Conversation: Shephard’s Gerrard Cowan talks to ASELSAN CEO and President Ahmet Akyol about how the business has evolved and expanded over the past five decades, and its aim of becoming a top 30 global defence company by 2030.
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Air Warfare
Will drone motherships form part of tomorrow’s warfare?
26th August 2025
While motherships offer multiple operational advantages, the changes in the character of warfare may bring new tactics to the battlefield, reducing their role.
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Land Warfare
Turkey’s latest IFV takes shape as key subsystems revealed
25th August 2025
First deliveries of the SARP 100/35 remote-controlled turret (RCT) for Altuğ, developed as a private venture by Aselsan, will be made in 2027.
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Naval Warfare
DSEI 2025: Skana’s new autonomous maritime platforms signal company’s shift towards scalable assets
3rd September 2025
The Israeli defence technology company has taken the wraps off two autonomous vessels ahead of DSEI as it sets its sights on scalability and cost reduction.
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Land Warfare
Ukraine’s ground robot army still finding its feet
31st October 2025
Ukraine’s quest to replace soldiers with robots is hitting technical snags. Shephard spoke with industry leaders about difficulties in the field and what solutions are in the pipeline.
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Air Warfare
US services test Raytheon ASTARTE AI-enabled software system
6th May 2025
The solution was evaluated by the US Army and Air Force during the Project Convergence Capstone 5.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Long Range Air Defence [Belgium]
Background In its Strategic Vision Defence 2025 Capability Investment Portfolio (CIP) document, Belgium announced that it has budgeted €1,981,590,000 ($2,287,101,638) for three long-range air defence systems. A decision is ...
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Land: air defence radar
Lower Tier Air and Missile Defence Sensor [US]
Background The US Army's Lower Tier Air and Missile Defence Sensor (LTAMDS) is being acquired from US-based Raytheon. The United States Army is the primary customer ...
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Short Range Missile Defence Systems: 0 to 20 km range
AIM-120D-3 [Finland]
Background In September 2025 the US State Department approved a potential sale of 405 AIM-120D-3 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM) manufactured by RTX (Raytheon). Note ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Patriot Air Defence System (2023) [Germany]
Background In 2024 Germany placed two orders totalling $2.4 billion for eight Patriot surface-to-air missile systems. Although there were two contracts signed, they are dealt with ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Uplift SHORAD UOR [Canada]
Background The Canadian Army's future GBAD system "will provide tactical air defence protection to friendly forces and vital installations during expeditionary and domestic operations against the ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Medium Range Air Defence [Canada]
Background The Canadian Army's future GBAD system "will provide tactical air defence protection to friendly forces and vital installations during expeditionary and domestic operations against ...
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Military helicopters - maritime
MH-60R [Australia]
Programme Background Requirement The RAN already has 24 MH-60R Seahawks (the last delivered in September 2016), so this represents a 50% increase in fleet size. ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Long Range Air Defence [Norway]
Background Following a 2023 report which bluntly stated that the Norwegian military was not ready for war and that particular gaps existed in air defence in ...
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ISR/special mission
ISTAR Aircraft [South Korea]
Programme Background 2018 - Issue of RfI The South Korean Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) stated that Seoul planned to procure additional aircraft to minimise potential surveillance ...
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Fighter - multirole
Rafale [France]
Background The 40 aircraft ordered as part of Tranche 4 are part of a wider French procurement of the Rafale. The order includes plans to ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Project Sea 129 Phase 5 [Australia]
Programme Background Requirement Project Sea 129 Phase 5 was intended to acquire a new ISR UAS capability for the RAN. The aircraft was required to perform ...
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Landing craft and hovercraft
Littoral Manoeuvre Vessel - Medium (Project Land 8710 Phase 1A) [Australia]
Programme Background Requirements Australia has set out requirements for a fleet of up to 18 Littoral Manoeuvre Vessels - Medium (LMV-M) with the release of ...
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Military UAS - small
VTOL UAV [New Zealand]
Background Defence Capability Plan (DCP) In April 2025, the New Zealand government published the DCP, a document that is essentially a blueprint for what procurements ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | ISTAR Aircraft [South Korea]
The Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) has a requirement for up to four intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR) aircraft to supplement its ...
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Data links
Data links | ISTAR Aircraft [South Korea]
The Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) has a requirement for up to four intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR) aircraft to supplement its ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Surface-to-air missiles
SM-2 Block IIIC/Block IIICU
The SM-2 Block IIIC and Block IIICU are medium-range, surface-to-air missiles with active radio frequency seekers. Both missiles are modifications to legacy SM-2 Block III/IIIA/IIIB ...
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Man-portable missile systems
FIM-92 Stinger
The FIM-92 Stinger, passive-guided MANPADS, was developed by General Dynamics to meet the requirements of the US Army to defence against low-flying threats. It replaced ...
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Air: Integrated Defensive Systems
ESTL
The Enhanced Survivability Technology (ESTL) is an integrated self-protection pod with missile approach warning (MAWS) manufactured by Saab. It is designed to counter RF and IR ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
SkyCeptor
The SkyCeptor missile is a multi-mission interceptor developed collaboratively by Raytheon and Israel's Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It is a derivative of the Stunner missile ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) Block 2
The RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) Block 2 is a short-range, ship-launched missile designed primarily to defend naval vessels against incoming anti-ship missiles and aerial ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
SM-1MR Block VI
The RIM-66 Standard-1MR is a medium-range surface-to-air missile that can also take on the role of an anti-ship missile. It was developed as part of ...
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Multipurpose missiles
BGM-71 TOW
The BGM-71 Tube-launched Optically tracked Wire-guided (TOW) missile entered US Army service in 1970. As well as being integrated on vehicles and helicopters, TOW can be ...
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Sea: ship surveillance and fire control systems
MK 99
The MK 99 is a fire control system developed and produced by Raytheon. The system works as an interface to connect a vessel's missiles and ...
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Sea: weapon training
SM-1 and SM-2 Standard Missile and Harpoon Missile with Guided Missile Launcher Mk 13 Mod 4 Simulator
Textron's SM-1 and SM-2 Standard Missile and Harpoon Missile simulator simulates a guided missile launching system and guided missile launcher, Mk 13 Mod 4, in ...
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Air-to-air missiles
AIM-92 Stinger
The Air-to-Air Stinger (ATAS), designated as the AIM-92 Stinger, is a short-range air-to-air missile developed as a helicopter-launched configuration of the FIM-92 Stinger MANPADS. It ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
Raytheon Next Generation Short Range Interceptor
Raytheon are competing for the US Army's Next Generation Short Range Interceptor (NGSRI) programme which seeks to manufacture an optically-guided short-range surface-to-air missile.
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Land: air defence radar
LTAMDS
The Raytheon Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense System (LTAMDS) is an active electronically scanned array Gallium Nitrade (GaN) radar. The use of GaN strengthens ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 Block IIA
The SM-3 Block IIA is an advanced interceptor missile designed for exo-atmospheric engagements against intermediate-range ballistic missiles and limited intercontinental ballistic missile threats. The SM-3 Block ...
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Sea: naval surveillance radar
AN/SPY-3
The AN/SPY-3 is a multifunction naval radar developed and manufactured by Raytheon. Its intended uses include horizon and surface search, navigation, periscope detection, discrimination, and ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Patriot Air Defence System
The MIM-104 Phased Array Tracking to Intercept of Target (Patriot) is an American Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) system designed for air-defence duties. The original Standard MIM-104A ...
