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Air Warfare
Focus on economy over capability highlights the cost imperative for CCA success
20th February 2026
Striking the right balance between cost and capability is likely to become more crucial in the increasingly competitive collaborative combat aircraft market. Shephard’s special CCA market report examines where the opportunities lie for suppliers.
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Air Warfare
Paris Air Show 2025: Lockheed says TR-3 upgrade “closing in” on completion
16th June 2025
The TR-3 configured F-35 aircraft have rolled off production lines since July 2024, but are still not yet combat capable and are still awaiting final sign-off for the software upgrade.
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Land Warfare
Bulgaria to receive first Strykers in February as part of force equipment refresh
15th January 2026
The delivery of the Stryker infantry fighting vehicles will form one piece of the country’s effort to re-equip its forces, which includes F-16 fighter jets and new air defence systems.
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Land Warfare
New US$1.4 billion package to boost Canada’s defence capabilities
30th March 2026
The Canadian defence department has outlined major investments in ISR solutions, small arms and ammunition production capabilities as the country pushes for greater self-reliance to bolster its forces and its supply chain.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy’s Super Hornet electronic warfare upgrade moves a step closer
25th September 2025
Raytheon’s Advanced Electronic Warfare (ADVEW) prototype, which is designed to be integrated into the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, has completed its latest review, furthering progress towards the aircraft’s modernisation plans.
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Air Warfare
US pledges to become “AI-first warfighting force” as navy hits new autonomy milestone
14th January 2026
A memo released on Monday outlines three key areas where the Pentagon can accelerate its adoption of artificial intelligence, including paths to finding new ways to integrate AI in combat, while the US Navy continues to push ahead with AI-enabled autonomy.
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Defence Notes
Canada set to look away from its neighbour and across the Atlantic for partners
5th December 2025
While non-EU UK struggles to join the Security Action for Europe initiative, which provides loans for defence programmes, Canada has become the first country outside Europe to get access – and did so for a nominal fee.
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Air Warfare
UK to purchase 12 F-35A aircraft to strengthen nuclear deterrence
25th June 2025
The potential acquisition of F-35A aircraft was first mentioned in the Strategic Defence Review, published on 2 June.
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Land Warfare
Australia’s revised defence investment plan: what it means for land warfare
17th April 2026
Australia’s 2026 National Defence Strategy and Integrated Investment Program have been adjusted from the 2024 version to promote greater military and industrial self-reliance, taking lessons learned from ongoing conflicts and looking to reinforce the industrial base.
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Air Warfare
Singapore Airshow 2026: Embraer still sees future C-390 opportunities in region following RSAF snub
3rd February 2026
The company disclosed several defence contracts and upgrades for its defence aircraft at the show, including additional Super Tucano orders and a new C-390 Millennium customer, Uzbekistan.
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Air Warfare
Northrop Grumman and Kratos team up to develop US Marine Corps CCA
9th January 2026
Northrop Grumman will provide the autonomy software for the USMC loyal wingman, which will be integrated into Kratos’ XQ-58 Valkyrie uncrewed aerial system.
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Air Warfare
Iran war exposes the limits of US military mass
1st September 2026
As the Straits of Hormuz continue to witness military action of various types, what does this mean for combat air and air defence planners in the region and beyond?
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Air Warfare
Peru cleared for possible $3.42 billion F-16 Block 70 buy
16th September 2025
The potential foreign military sale covers 12 F-16 aircraft as well as related training and equipment support, the DSCA notice said.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy SPY-6 approaches FRP with Raytheon already having “a hot production line”
2nd March 2026
Jen Gauthier, Raytheon’s VP of Naval Systems and Sustainment, told Shephard that the company is awaiting the US Navy’s green light to move “fully into full-rate production”.
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Digital Battlespace
Artificial intelligence: the hope, the hype and the real-world reality
20th July 2026
Artificial intelligence has supported C2 systems and decision-making for more than two decades. It has gradually built up a head of steam in the 2020s, but what is it achieving today and what role could it play in the future?
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Denmark]
Programme Background Denmark joined the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program in 2002 during the System Development and Demonstration phase and has influenced technical elements ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Turkey]
Background Programme involvement Turkish involvement in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter programme began in the early 2000s, with the country's participation beginning in the concept demonstration ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A Japan
In 2019, Japan requested to be an official partner in the F-35 programme, but this request was rejected by the Pentagon. The F-35 Joint Strike ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (61-75) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirement In 2009, the Italian MoD planned to purchase 131 F-35 aircraft, which was later reduced to 90. According to the MoD documentation, ...
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Fighter - multirole
Tornado Replacement (F-35A) [Germany]
Background Requirement In March 2020, it emerged that the German government was considering 30 F/A-18E/F Super Hornets to replace 45 nuclear-capable Tornados. The remaining 40 Tornados ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B (31-40) [Italy]
Background Requirement In 2009, the Italian MoD planned to purchase 131 F-35 aircraft, which was later reduced to 90. According to the MoD documentation, 131 ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35 [Morocco]
Background Acquisition motivation Morocco has been in negotiations with the US since 2020 over the potential acquisition of an F-35 fleet, which would make the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35I Adir (1-50) [Israel]
Background F-35I modifications The F-35I Adir is an F-35A Lightning II variant customised to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces to replace the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A Japan Follow On
The F-35 full-rate production is expected to be further delayed following an October 2020 US DoD announcement that postponed the simulation tests, originally planned for 2017 ...
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Fighter - multirole
Fighter Aircraft [United Arab Emirates]
Bids and suppliers Lockheed MartinOn 10 November 2020, the US State Department announced that it has approved a possible FMS of 50 F-35As to UAE ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B [UK]
Programme Background The total cost of the currently funded programme as reported through the UK Major Projects Report is expected to be £10.5 billion ($13.5 ...
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Fighter - multirole
JAS-39C/D Gripen replacement [Czech Republic]
Background Requirements The Czech Republic Air Force operates 14 Gripens (12 JAS 39C and two JAS 39D variants) under a lease agreement that runs until ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B (1-30) [Italy]
The 2019 and 2020 budget contained significant funding for the F-35 programme: €690 million ($775 million) in 2019 and €859 million ($962 million) in 2020, ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-16 Replacement [Portugal]
Programme Background At the Portuguese National Defense Conference on April 22, 2025, General João Cartaxo Alves reaffirmed that the F-35A remains the sole viable successor ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (1-60) [Italy]
Background Requirement The total requirement for the first round of funded platforms was 90 F-35 - 30 F-35B and 60 F-35A. The original plan committed ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
F-35I Adir
The F-35I Adir is an F-35A Lightning II variant customised to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces to replace the F-16 fleet in ...
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
JSM
The Joint Strike Missile (JSM) is a multi-role version of the Naval Strike Missile. Norway funded the programme to develop and produce the JSM for the ...
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EO/IR systems
F-35 Lightning II Advanced EOTS
The F-35 Lightning II Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS) is a sensor that combines targeting forward-looking IR (FLIR) and IR search and track (IRST) capabilities for ...
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Fixed wing aircraft engines
F135
The F135, designed and developed by Pratt & Whitney, is one of the most advanced fighter engines in the world that delivers more than 40,000lb ...
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Fighter - multirole, Fighter - naval
F-35B
The F-35B Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) capability. The USMC is the main customer for the F-35B, ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
F-35 Gen III HMDS
The F-35 Gen III helmet-mounted display system (HMDS) is provided by a joint venture between Elbit Systems of America and Rockwell Collins, developed for the F-35 ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A
The F-35A Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with CTOL capabilities. It is a multinational programme led by the US DoD, bringing together ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
25mm PGU-48/B
The 25mm PGU-48/B is a medium-calibre armour-penetrating round manufactured by American Rheinmetall. The US Air Force uses the PGU-48/B with its F-35 aircraft.
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-81
AN/APG-81 is operating in the X-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radar designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems for the F-35 “Lightning” all-weather ...
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Fighter - multirole, Fighter - naval
F-35C
The F-35C Lightning II, also known as the F-35 carrier variant (CV), is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft in carrier configuration. It has larger wings and ...
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Air: Displays
Panoramic Cockpit Display
Developed by L3Harris and Elbit Systems America, the Panoramic Cockpit Display (PCD) is a touchscreen MFD integrated into F-35 aircraft. It provides two electronically divided ...
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Air: fixed-wing flight simulators
F-35 Training System
BAE Systems is involved in F-35 Lightning II Training System design and sustainment, working with prime contractor Lockheed Martin. BAE Systems leads the instructional systems ...
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Transport/tanker aircraft
KC-130J Super Hercules
The KC-130J Super Hercules is a tanker variant of the C-130J Super Hercules. It is designed to deliver fuel to several platforms, including helicopters and ...
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Fixed wing aircraft engines
F414-GE-400
The F414-GE-400 is a turbofan engine manufactured by GE Aviation and has various advanced technology features such as a Full Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC), ...
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Guided munitions
GBU-53/B StormBreaker
GBU-53/B StormBreaker is a precision-guided glide bomb developed by Raytheon to equip F-15, F/A-18 and F-35. It is also known as the Small Diameter Bomb II. The StormBreaker includes a ...
