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Defence Notes
Leonardo unveils plans for Michelangelo air defence dome
28th November 2025
The new multi-layered defence system will harness AI to neutralise airborne threats and protect Europe from Russian aggression.
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Air Warfare
AUSA 2025: Lockheed Martin conducts first ground-based demo of JAGM Quad Launcher
13th October 2025
The first live-fire demonstration of the Joint Air-to-Ground Missile Quad Launcher was tested against a ground vehicle, with further tests against a UAS target planned for the system next month.
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Defence Notes
Venezuela prepares personnel and equipment for a potential second US attack
6th January 2026
Defence Minister Gen Vladimir Padrino López has declared that the Venezuelan armed forces “will continue to employ all its available capabilities for military defence”.
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Air Warfare
Avalon 2025: Australia set to receive Apaches as Tiger retirement begins
25th March 2025
After giving European Tiger attack helicopters and NH90 large utility helicopters a chance to meet Australian needs, which encountered problems, the country has turned back to the US for Apaches and Black Hawks, respectively.
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Air Warfare
Australian Army aviation veers heavily towards the US
11th March 2025
Sikorsky’s UH-60M Black Hawk and Boeing’s AH-46 Apache will soon form the bedrock of the Australian Army’s rotorcraft capabilities, as the army awaits further delivery of both types.
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Air Warfare
Can emergent suppliers of fighter aircraft crack Middle East markets?
9th January 2026
The 2025 Dubai Airshow saw several aspiring suppliers of combat aircraft to the region’s air forces parade their wares in the sky and on the ground. Shephard’s Edward Hunt explores their chance of success in the Middle East.
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Land Warfare
May land forces roundup: counter-drone systems move up the agenda
2nd June 2026
There has been a drive towards uncrewed aerial systems and defeating them in recent weeks, with NATO exercises addressing the danger, new systems unveiled and a new Latvian counter-drone unit stood up following recent incursions.
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Air Warfare
USAF to use augmented reality technology in F-16 cockpit
20th August 2025
The US Air Force awarded Red6 a contract to install its ATARS software into the aircraft to provide new training solutions, following successful integrations in the T-38 Talon and MC-130.
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Land Warfare
New agreement signed and another order for CV90s
24th November 2025
More than 1,800 BAE Systems Hägglunds CV90 armoured personnel carriers/infantry fighting vehicles have been ordered by European countries, with some looking at the platform as an option for a light tank.
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Air Warfare
US Air Force conducts climate testing with the T-7A Red Hawk
9th July 2025
The trainer aircraft recently completed the second round of extreme weather trials after enduring icy, windy and sunny conditions.
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Air Warfare
October drone digest: Growing desire for CCAs and new VTOL technology unveiled
30th October 2025
During October 2025, several countries and organisations signalled their intention to acquire loyal wingman uncrewed aircraft systems — designated by the US Air Force as Collaborative Combat Aircraft — or to study the capability further, while various new uncrewed helicopters were showcased.
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Land Warfare
Details revealed on Serbia’s M-84 improved tank
2nd October 2025
The former Yugoslavia built a version of the Russian T-72 main battle tank under the local designation of the M-84. Hundreds of these remain in service with Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Kuwait.
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Land Warfare
Leopard MBT: Alpha beast gets a reboot (updated 2026)
6th April 2026
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. This article traces the history and development of the Leopard 1 and 2 as well as its variants, operational service and future prospects.
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Land Warfare
First gun barrels for British Army howitzers due from Rheinmetall’s new UK factory in 2027
13th January 2026
The new Rheinmetall facility will supply barrels for UK RCH 155 howitzers and Challenger 3 tanks while also opening up potential export opportunities, providing a currently absent national capability.
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Land Warfare
Eurosatory 2026: French SCORPION programme rolls on and shows export potential
12th June 2026
The SCORPION programme will replace the French Army’s legacy medium and light vehicles and see the overhaul of the Leclerc main battle tank.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Apache Adjacent UAVs [Australia]
Background Requirement As reported by Shephard from the Australian International Airshow 2025, Australia requires a platform to support the manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) alongside the repoed 29 Apache AH-64E ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
MUM-T Drone [Thailand]
Programme Background Roadmap In February 2024, the RTAF unveiled its White Paper 2024. Incorporating lessons from the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Israel-Hamas War, and other events ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Air Launched Loyal Wingman [Japan]
Programme Background Air-Launched Loyal Wingman As reported by Shephard, a 30 October 2020 contract awarded to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) meant the company would lead ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Adaptable Aerial Platforms (AAP) [South Korea]
Programme Background KF-21 Boramae Crewed Fighter The Republic of Korea's Air Force (ROKAF) plans to acquire the KF-21 Boramae fighter, replacing F-4E Phantom II and ...
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Military helicopters - attack
AH-64E Apache (Follow-On) [Morocco]
Programme Background Morocco has placed a request with the US government for AH-64E Apache attack helicopters. On 20 November 2019, it was announced that the ...
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Military helicopters - attack
AH-64E Apache [Morocco]
Morocco has placed a request with the US government for AH-64E Apache attack helicopters. On 20 November 2019, it was announced that the US State ...
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Military helicopters - attack
T129B [Philippines]
Programme Background On 31 August 2019, it was announced that the Philippines National Defence Acquisition Decision Memorandum continues with the T-129 procurement. However, on 30 April ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
KF-21 Loyal Wingman [South Korea]
Background KF-21 Boramae Crewed Fighter The Republic of Korea’s Air Force (ROKAF) plans to acquire the KF-21 Boramae fighter, replacing F-4E Phantom II and F-5E/F fighters in the ROKAF. ...
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Military helicopters - attack
Project Land 4503 [Australia]
Programme Background The Australian Army has begun its search for a successor to the Tiger Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter (ARH), with an RfI issued by the ...
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Military helicopters - attack
AH-64E Apache [UK]
Background According to the MoD, to further ‘guarantee value for money’ systems from the current Apache fleet such as the Modernised Target Acquisition & Designation ...
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Military helicopters - attack
Kruk / AH-64E Apache [Poland]
Programme Background In May 2019, Wojciech Skurkiewicz, the Polish deputy defence, released some details on the helicopter programme. Part of Poland's broader defence modernisation plan, the tender ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Embarked VTOL UAV [South Korea]
Background VTOL Development In January 2024, South Korea's Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) announced that it would commence development of a VTOL-capable rotary-wing UAV to be ...
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Military helicopters - attack
AH-64E Apache [Israel]
Programme Background IDF Ground Forces Command was urging the Israeli MoD to request the acquisition of up to 40 AH-64E Apache Guardian attack helicopters from ...
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Trainer
Hawk 127 Replacement (Future Lead-In Fighter Training System- Project Air 6002 PH1) [Australia]
Programme Background Requirements The RAAF is seeking a future solution that provides a ‘relevant, adaptable, affordable and safe LIFTS out to 2050’ for training pilots ...
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Military helicopters - attack
AH-64E Apache (Indian Air Force)
Programme Background The Indian Army was originally granted co-ownership of the 22 Apaches by the Indian MoD. However, the IAF refused to cede them to ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
MUM-T
The Military Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) is a UAS in development by Korean Aerospace Industries. Showcased at Seoul ADEX 2021, the MUM-T can be launched from the ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Demogorgon
In late October 2021, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) awarded Kratos Unnamed Systems Division an initial $17.68 million 12-month cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to develop an Off-Board Sensing ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Air Launched Effect (ALE)
The Air-Launched Effect (ALE) is an in-development uncrewed platform from Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI). Shown at IDEX 2023, it is set to come in two variants, one ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - HALE
Arrow
The Arrow is a supersonic prototype UAV developed by Singapore-based Kelley Aerospace. According to the manufacturer, the 16.8t prototype will be operated as a conventional UAV, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - HALE
Uncrewed Checkmate
At the Dubai Airshow 2021, United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), the parent company of Checkmate manufacturer Sukhoi Design Bureau, announced its intention to manufacture an uncrewed version of ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Koios
Callen-Lenz manufactures the Koios, a small UAS that is available in VTOL and non-VTOL variants. Designed for the civil and military market, as standard, the ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - HALE
Defender
The Defender is a jet-powered uncrewed escort aircraft built by GA-ASI. The primary goal of the UAV is to protect high-value airborne assets, such as refuelling ...
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Land: handheld NV devices, Land: handheld day observation/surveillance and targeting systems, Weapon sights for night use (image intensifiers)
MUM-14
The Multi-Use Mini-Monocular (MUM-14) is a modular, passive NVD designed to maintain situation awareness in a range of low-light conditions, utilising a single Gen III ...
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Data links
Micro TMA
Thales Micro TMA is a high-rate datalink designed for uncrewed platforms and video streaming applications from aircraft. It provides command and control functions as well ...
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Light UGVs
X Series
The X Series is a family of UGVs developed by the UK's DCE. Utilising a modular design, the X Series can be configured for a ...
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Loitering munitions
Mighty Hornet IV
Unveiled in September 2025, the Mighty Hornet IV is a development of the MQM-178 target drone designed for attack missions. Kratos and the National Chung-Shan Institute ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
MUCCA
Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) is developing the MUCCA, a medium cooperative uncrewed fighter to potentially operate alongside the Republic of Korea Air Force's (ROKAF) KF-21 ...
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Heavy UGVs
Havoc 8x8 RCV
The Havoc 8x8 Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) is a heavy UGV currently being developed by Milrem. It is expected to enter production in 2028 or ...
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Military helicopters - scout/light attack
Light Armed Helicopter
The South Korean government selected Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) in July 2014 to develop the Light Armed Helicopter (LAH) and the related Light Civil Helicopter ...
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Military helicopters - attack
WAH-64 Apache
The WAH-64/AH1 Apache is a variant of the Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow, developed and built by Leonardo from 1996 to meet British Army requirements. One ...
