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Air Warfare
Can Finland’s F-35 maintenance strategy ensure defence readiness?
21st December 2023
As Finland gears up to receive its Lockheed Martin F-35A fleet, a meticulous focus on advanced maintenance strategies has taken centre stage, offering the prospect of enhanced defence preparedness in an evolving security landscape.
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Land Warfare
Israel Aerospace Industries signs two loitering munitions deals
23rd November 2023
IAI has developed several loitering munitions or attack UAS including Harpy NG, Harop, Rotem and Mini Harpy. It has also been developing Point Blank, described as a 'hand-launched electro-optical guided missile' but much like the company's loitering munitions can dwell while confirming a target's nature.
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Land Warfare
More SandCat light reconnaissance vehicles rushed into service with Israel
23rd October 2023
If the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) was set for a ground invasion of Gaza, lightly armoured vehicles such as the SandCat would likely play a key role.
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Naval Warfare
Russia signs agreement for Black Sea naval base
6th October 2023
Abkhazia has offered Russia an alternative Black Sea base to ports in Crimea where it has faced attacks by Ukrainian forces, according to Russian state media.
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Air Warfare
Germany green-lights Israel’s use of Heron TP combat UAV on Hamas
12th October 2023
The Heron TP UAVs Germany is leasing from Israel's IAI are likely equipped with precision-guided missiles designed for rapid and spatially limited effect against vehicles or positions.
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Land Warfare
Kongsberg demos new Protector RS2 Prototype
3rd November 2023
Norway’s Kongsberg shows of its lightest RWS to date, as the company continues to support Ukrainian forces, while also eyeing moves into Latin American markets
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Land Warfare
As the Ukraine war passes the 18-month mark, how are NATO’s factories meeting the artillery challenge?
18th September 2023
NATO is rapidly increasing its supply of equipment to Ukraine in a number of key areas including tube artillery and, crucially, its ammunition. Shephard analyses how the alliance's members are stepping up to this challenge after years of industrial neglect.
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Naval Warfare
Thailand belays submarine deal with China, and eyes a frigate instead
24th October 2023
Thailand has virtually given up on its S26T submarine, but will maintain close relations with China through buying a frigate instead.
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Defence Notes
Rheinmetall joins in Ukrainian JV on the support and manufacture of military vehicles
24th October 2023
Germany’s Rheinmetall will provide further support to Ukraine, on top of billions-of-dollars worth of munitions, by taking a majority stake in a military vehicles company.
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Defence Notes
US awaits parliamentary approval to access Swedish military bases
14th December 2023
A defence cooperation agreement between Sweden and the US will enable the Pentagon to preposition stocks and conduct operations in Swedish territory.
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Land Warfare
US Army to power its ground fleet with alternative fuels
28th December 2023
The service has been researching hybrid electric systems, fuel efficiency, operational power generation and battery storage, as well as the use of hydrogen and synthetic power sources.
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Land Warfare
How soldier centred-design requirements will reshape future US Army’s capabilities
7th December 2023
The service has plans in place to involve soldiers in the early stages of acquisition and development programmes in addition to conducting more soldier touchpoint events.
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Defence Notes
A full year of continuing resolutions would be ‘devastating’ for defence plans, warns US senator
8th December 2023
The chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations alerted that a full year of continuing resolutions would force the Pentagon to freeze 330 new programmes including the B-21 stealth bomber, C3BM developments and shipbuilding projects.
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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall receives another artillery order worth hundreds-of-millions of dollars
10th October 2023
The latest order is for the delivery of over a hundred thousand 155mm shells from the group’s new Spanish subsidiary Rheinmetall Expal Munitions as well as additional DM 121 high-explosive rounds.
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Land Warfare
Russia tests C-UAS slat protection over turrets and anti-UAV jamming systems for armoured vehicles
20th September 2023
Russian defence companies are adapting to emerging threats and exploring ways to counter top-attack munitions and first-person-view (FPV) UAVs.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - micro
Golden Eagle (Ukraine Aid) [NATO Member]
Programme Background 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the usage and effectiveness of micro and mini UAV platforms ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 600 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background $300 Million USAI (1 April 2022) On 1 April 2022, the US DoD announced a $300 million military aid package for Ukraine following ...
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APCs/IFVs - 6x6
Patria 6x6 (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Latvia has been part of the allied coalition providing Ukraine with military support. Previous Latvian ...
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Self-propelled rocket launchers
HIMARS (Batch 1) [Estonia]
Programme Background Following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, many European countries embarked upon an expansion of their military capabilities. This led Estonia ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CV90 (Ukraine Aid) [Denmark & Sweden]
Programme Background Following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Ukraine was the recipient of a number of Western systems, many of which ...
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Military UAS - small
Penguin [Ukraine]
Background Long-Standing Deal Red Wire announced in September 2025 that its wholly owned subsidiary, Edge Autonomy, had delivered additional aircraft from its Penguin uncrewed aerial system ...
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Military helicopters - multirole
Ka-226T- Air Force [India]
Programme Background India had operated a diverse and antiquated fleet of helicopters to support its high-altitude operations along contested borders with China and Pakistan. Reducing ...
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Main battle tanks
Leopard 2A8 [Croatia]
Programme Background Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Croatia became the latest in a string of Eastern/Central European countries to bolster its ...
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Self-propelled guns
FH77 BW L52 Archer (Ukraine Aid) [Sweden]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion in 2022, Sweden has consistently supported Ukraine with military aid. This has included the provision of air defence ...
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Self-propelled rocket launchers
PULS (Batch 1) [Netherlands]
Background The Netherlands previously operated the M270, however it retired its fleet in 2004, as they were considered unnecessary. The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in ...
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Military helicopters - multirole
Ka-226T - Army [India]
Programme Background India had operated a diverse and antiquated fleet of helicopters to support its high-altitude operations along contested borders with China and Pakistan. Reducing ...
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Military UAS - small
AR3 (Ukraine Aid) [UK]
Background £270 Million investment On 15 September 2025, the UK MoD noted that, since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the UK ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
LAV 6 (Ukraine Aid) [Canada]
Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Canada has been one of several NATO countries to supply Ukraine with continuous support. Canada ...
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MPVs - 4x4
VBMR-L Serval [Croatia]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, many European countries have been modernising their armed forces. Croatia is no exception ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
KF41 Lynx [Ukraine]
Programme Background Following the full-scale Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine has sought to acquire a range of different Western platforms to replace its older Soviet ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Transport/tanker aircraft
Il-78M
Based on the Il-76 transport, the Il-78 convertible tanker/transport aircraft first entered service in 1974 and was followed three years later by the improved Il-78M ...
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Military UAS - small
Shark
The Shark is a fixed-wing catapult-launched ISR UAV developed by Ukrspecsystems. The Shark-D is the original variant; an improved Shark-M variant was unveiled in early 2025. ...
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Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2
The Bayraktar TB2, or Bayraktar-2, is a medium-altitude long-endurance UAV developed and manufactured by Baykar. The platform can conduct ISR and armed attack missions and has a ...
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Land: battlefield and ground surveillance radar, Land: coastal surveillance radars
SNAR-10M1
The SNAR-10M1 is a mobile, armoured, self-propelled radar system manufactured by Almaz-Antey. It is designed with an automatic coordinate readout for locating moving ground and ...
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Military UAS - MALE
Orion / Orion-E
The Orion, sometimes called the Inokhodets, is the first Russian-manufactured MALE UAV that has been designed to carry out a wide variety of military surveillance applications. Russia has ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Forpost (series)
The Forpost was a variant of the Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) Searcher Mk II produced under license in Russia until 2016. Following US pressure, Israel refused to ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
BMP-1
The BMP-1 (Bronevaya Maschina Piekhota-1) is a tracked amphibious IFV that was developed in the Soviet Union during the 1960s. Entering service with the Soviet ...
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Artillery rockets
MO.1.01.04
MO.1.01.04 is a short-range 220mm artillery rocket armed with a thermobaric warhead developed for Russian TOS-1 MLRS.
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Military UAS - mini
Eleron-3 (Series)
The Eleron series comprises several variants, including Eleron-3 (T23E), Eleron-3SV, Eleron-B, Eleron-10 (T10D and 10E) and Eleron-10SV (T10). The Russian Armed Forces use Eleron-3 aircraft ...
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MPVs - 4x4
KamAZ-43269 Vystrel
The KamAZ-43269 Vystrel (originally known as the BPM-97) is a 4x4 armoured vehicle based on the proven KamAZ-4326 4x4 military truck chassis. Although development started in ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Orlan-10/10E
Developed by the Russia-based Special Technology Center, the Orlan-10 is a medium-range UAS with many variants, such as the 10E, an export version introduced in 2017. The ...
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Military UAS - micro
Mavic 3 (Series)
The Mavic 3 is a rotary-wing UAV manufactured by DJI, designed for commercial aerial photography and video capture. It has a Hasselblad L2D-20c two-camera payload, omnidirectional obstacle sensing, and ...
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Land: air defence radar
Nebo-SVU
The Nebo-SVU is an air defence radar distributed by Rosoboronexport in Russia and is currently used by the Russian Army and the Iranian Army. It ...
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Main battle tanks
BMPT
UVZ developed the BMPT Fire Support Combat Vehicle, nicknamed Terminator by the company, after studying the Russian Army's performance during the Chechen War. Designed to ...
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Air: aerial targets, Loitering munitions
Gerbera
The Gerbera is a rudimentary Russian UAV manufactured by the Gastello Design Bureau. The drone's body is made of radar-absorbent foam, and the platform is ...
