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Naval Warfare
Royal Australian Navy sizes up modernisation plans for new and existing capabilities
11th December 2025
The Australian navy is pushing ahead with its efforts to modernise its workforce and capabilities while balancing risky submarine upgrades, ageing Collins-class boats and a shrinking minehunter fleet. Head of navy capability RAdm Stephen Hughes updated Shephard on the force’s progress.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: AM General “on target” for JLTV full-rate production in 2026 as it uncrews a Humvee
15th October 2025
AM General believes it has completed working with customers for the Joint Light Tactical Vehicles to reach a final version of the vehicle and to prepare to begin producing vehicles under full rate production.
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Air Warfare
Lockheed Martin “bullish” on future of its F-16 programme
10th March 2025
The company foresees demand for around 300 Block 70/72 F-16s from customers across the globe and is targeting around a 23 to 26 aircraft delivery total for 2025.
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Air Warfare
France and India secure long-term defence roadmap built on shared production
20th February 2026
Expanded fighter jet and missile production, next-generation engine cooperation and helicopter assembly deals have all been struck between the two countries, signalling a strengthening bilateral partnership between France and India.
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Land Warfare
Ukraine’s ground robot army still finding its feet
31st October 2025
Ukraine’s quest to replace soldiers with robots is hitting technical snags. Shephard spoke with industry leaders about difficulties in the field and what solutions are in the pipeline.
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Land Warfare
Can Iranian air defence systems compete for exports?
7th January 2026
Iran’s defence industry is now producing a range of surface-to-air missile systems and has begun to market them internationally. Using what appears to be a mixture of original and reverse-engineered elements, how do they stack up compared to other countries’ offerings?
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Air Warfare
AUSA 2025: US Army and Bell squeeze MV-75 programme
17th October 2025
The MV-75, previously V-280, was originally designed as an assault aircraft which would replace some of the Black Hawk helicopters and add speed as a tilt-rotor platform. It is now envisioned to add a greater multirole capability reminiscent of the Black Hawk fleet.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: IAI looks to home country’s recent experiences to meet Golden Dome demands
14th October 2025
Israel has developed a multi-layered defence system over a number of decades to defeat a range of air threats. The system was recently put to the test against larger and more sophisticated missiles than it has previously had to face.
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Land Warfare
RAFAEL and Israel MOD: IRON BEAM 450 Development Completed, Delivery to IDF Soon
5th September 2025
IRON BEAM is the world’s only fully mature and operational high-power laser interception system, capable of intercepting missiles and UAVs.
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Air Warfare
Testing of Taiwan’s air-launched supersonic anti-ship missile commences
14th March 2025
Should it be introduced into service, the air-launched Hsiung Feng 3 could boost Taiwan’s anti-ship missile capacity and kill zones.
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Land Warfare
AM General completes JLTV demonstration for British Army programme and picks a partner
8th October 2025
The British Army’s Land Mobility Programme is the golden ring for vehicle makers across the world and particularly industry in the UK, with a prize of billions of dollars across three programmes.
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Air Warfare
UAV manufacturers flock to UK as MoD spends £270 million on Tekever drones for Ukraine
19th September 2025
On 15 September 2025, the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) confirmed that Tekever would open the UK’s largest drone production facility in Swindon in 2026. The news follows a recent trend of several other manufacturers that have supplied drones to Ukraine also announcing the opening of UK facilities.
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Air Warfare
DSEI 2025: Schiebel reveals two weaponised Camcopter UAVs
10th September 2025
The new capabilities are based on platforms already in use or in development, and are designed to perform in demanding defence missions.
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Air Warfare
Saudi Arabia air focus: The world’s fourth-largest UAV market seeks to strengthen domestic industry
17th February 2026
With $9.18 billion in uncontracted programmes — including a potential multi-billion-dollar MQ-9B deal — Saudi Arabia’s UAV sector is poised for significant further growth and industrial expansion.
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Naval Warfare
DSEI 2025: Red Cat expands into USV production with focus on combat-proven technology
11th September 2025
At DSEI 2025, Red Cat outlines its expansion from UAVs into uncrewed surface vessels (USVs), positioning itself as a multi-domain defence provider spanning land, sea, and air.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - MALE
XQ-58A Valkyrie [USMC]
Programme Background Contract Award On 30 December 2022, the US DoD announced that it had awarded Kratos Unmanned Aerial Systems a $15.52 million cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to ...
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Fighter - multirole
JAS-39C/D Gripen replacement [Czech Republic]
Background Requirements The Czech Republic Air Force operates 14 Gripens (12 JAS 39C and two JAS 39D variants) under a lease agreement that runs until ...
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Fighter - multirole
Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) [Japan]
Programme Background Shephard notes that GCAP's Japanese, British and Italian components are tracked in separate entries. Programme Timeline 2020: The Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency of Japan issued ...
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Fighter - multirole
Typhoon Tranche 3A [Saudi Arabia]
Background Timeline In June 2018, Saudi Arabia agreed to procure 48 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter aircraft from BAE. However, Germany's defence export ban to Saudi ...
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Fighter - multirole
Kaan additional units [Turkey]
Background Requirement Geopolitical factors have spurred aircraft development in Türkiye. With its removal from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter project following the Russian S-400 air ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Turkey]
Background Programme involvement Turkish involvement in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter programme began in the early 2000s, with the country's participation beginning in the concept demonstration ...
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Fighter - multirole
Eurofighter new build fleet [Turkey]
Background Requirement The Turkish Air Force has operated two main fighter platforms, the F-16 and F-4, for several decades. As older F-16 airframes and F-4s ...
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Fighter - multirole
TF-X Kaan Next Generation Fighter [Turkey]
Background Requirement Geopolitical factors have spurred aircraft development in Türkiye. With its removal from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter project following the Russian S-400 air ...
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Trainer
Hawk 127 Replacement (Future Lead-In Fighter Training System- Project Air 6002 PH1) [Australia]
Programme Background Requirements The RAAF is seeking a future solution that provides a ‘relevant, adaptable, affordable and safe LIFTS out to 2050’ for training pilots ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Denmark]
Programme Background Denmark joined the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program in 2002 during the System Development and Demonstration phase and has influenced technical elements ...
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Fighter - multirole
Project Halcon I [Spain]
Programme Background The Spanish Air Force began requirements assessments, although potential suppliers including Boeing (F/A-18E/F), Lockheed Martin (F-35), Airbus-BAE-Leonardo (Eurofighter Typhoon) are already engaged with ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-18 Replacement Phase II/Project Halcon II [Spain]
Programme Background The Spanish Air Force began requirements assessments, although potential suppliers, including Boeing (F/A-18E/F), Lockheed Martin (F-35), and Airbus-BAE-Leonardo (Eurofighter Typhoon), are already engaged ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A Japan
In 2019, Japan requested to be an official partner in the F-35 programme, but this request was rejected by the Pentagon. The F-35 Joint Strike ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B (1-30) [Italy]
The 2019 and 2020 budget contained significant funding for the F-35 programme: €690 million ($775 million) in 2019 and €859 million ($962 million) in 2020, ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (61-75) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirement In 2009, the Italian MoD planned to purchase 131 F-35 aircraft, which was later reduced to 90. According to the MoD documentation, ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Air: fixed-wing flight simulators
F-35 Training System
BAE Systems is involved in F-35 Lightning II Training System design and sustainment, working with prime contractor Lockheed Martin. BAE Systems leads the instructional systems ...
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Air: Defensive Systems - Radar Warning Receivers, EW test systems
Model 527
The Model 527 radar signal simulator is used for end-of-runway and walk-around radiated RWR testing to verify the operational status of the aircraft and its ...
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Air: Electronic Attack - Jamming, Air: chaff/flare/decoy systems
AN/ALE-55 FOTD
The ALE-55 Fibre Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD) is a high-powered electronic off-board countermeasure that works with an aircraft’s onboard EW equipment to defeat radiofrequency (RF) threats. It ...
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Air-to-surface missiles
SPEAR-EW
The SPEAR-EW missile, developed by MBDA in collaboration with Leonardo, is an air-to-surface weapon designed to perform Suppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD) missions. This ...
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EW test systems
A2PATS
Advanced Architecture Phase Amplitude and Time Simulator (A2PATS) is a real-time EM test environment simulator for military platforms and installed systems, designed to deliver mission ...
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Military UAS - HALE
HAPS / PHASA-35
The High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS) is a solar-electric Persistent High Altitude Solar Aircraft (PHASA-35). Produced by BAE Systems and Prismatic, the platform is designed to provide a persistent, ...
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-81
AN/APG-81 is operating in the X-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radar designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems for the F-35 “Lightning” all-weather ...
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Fighter - multirole
MiG-35
The MiG-35 (NATO reporting name Fulcrum F) is a multirole fighter, the latest variant of the MiG-29 Fulcrum fighter family. The production of the MiG-35 ...
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EO/IR systems
F-35 Lightning II Advanced EOTS
The F-35 Lightning II Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS) is a sensor that combines targeting forward-looking IR (FLIR) and IR search and track (IRST) capabilities for ...
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Fighter - multirole, Fighter - naval
F-35B
The F-35B Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) capability. The USMC is the main customer for the F-35B, ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35I Adir
The F-35I Adir is an F-35A Lightning II variant customised to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces to replace the F-16 fleet in ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
F-35 Gen III HMDS
The F-35 Gen III helmet-mounted display system (HMDS) is provided by a joint venture between Elbit Systems of America and Rockwell Collins, developed for the F-35 ...
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Air: Integrated Defensive Systems
AN/ALQ-178V(5)+
The AN/ALQ-178(5)+ is an internally mounted self-protection system designed and developed by Aselsan and BAE Systems for the Turkish F-16C fighter aircraft. The system comprises ...
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
JSM
The Joint Strike Missile (JSM) is a multi-role version of the Naval Strike Missile. Norway funded the programme to develop and produce the JSM for the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A
The F-35A Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with CTOL capabilities. It is a multinational programme led by the US DoD, bringing together ...