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Defence Notes
Companies’ results boom as countries dig deep to buy missiles and air defence systems
31st October 2025
Air defence systems are continuing to appear top of countries’ shopping lists but broadly across different capabilities it is a sellers’ market, as demonstrated by backlogs and double-digit percentage point growth.
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Naval Warfare
Royal Australian Navy’s plan for fleet refresh continues in the face of headwinds
5th August 2025
Australia has selected the Mogami-class frigate from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) to replace Royal Australian Navy (RAN) Anzac-class frigates. The decision has been made as the RAN pushes to introduce delayed offshore patrol vessels (OPVs), awaits criticised Hunter-class ships and lives in the shadow of threats to the Collins-class submarine replacement efforts.
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Air Warfare
Japan targets T-4 replacement ahead of GCAP as pressure mounts to modernise pilot training
6th June 2025
The JASDF has been looking to replace its T-4 jet fighters amid concerns over training capacity and pilot readiness for fifth-gen fighters.
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Land Warfare
2025 land market review: British Army woes, European heavy armour and US MBT progress
18th December 2025
The last year has seen several major procurements in the land market. Shephard’s Dr Peter Magill reviews the main trends and themes in land procurement of 2025.
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Defence Notes
US Air Force pushes Sentinel’s initial capability to early 2030s despite China’s nuclear progress
25th February 2026
While the US struggles to modernise the 50-year-old land leg of its nuclear triad, China has been rapidly developing and fielding new nuclear capabilities.
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Air Warfare
Shield AI unveils new autonomous VTOL fighter jet concept
23rd October 2025
Named X-Bat, the AI-controlled vertical take-off and landing drone is expected to enter production by 2029, with first flight tests estimated to take place a year earlier.
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Defence Notes
Resilience, adaptiveness and collaboration vital for success in space (Studio)
5th November 2025
Speakers at the Defence In Space Conference (DISC) 2025 highlighted the critical and evolving role of space in national security, defence and the global economy.
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Air Warfare
Embraer bets on US manufacture C-390 Millennium as incentive to lower US tariffs
5th August 2025
While Embraer’s Q2 results were not affected by US tariffs and it managed to avoid US President Donald J Trump's additional 40% tariff rate on Brazil, the 10% tariff rate still remains.
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Land Warfare
First Czech CV90 MkIV rolled out as part of multi-billion-dollar programme
29th August 2025
The Czech Republic CV9030 MkIV has a more powerful 1,000HP engine than the previous variant and an upgraded X300 heavy-duty transmission.
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Air Warfare
UAVs for Ukraine: Europe is willing to spend
4th March 2025
Despite President Donald Trump’s suspension of military aid to Ukraine, Shephard Defence Insight data suggests that in relation to UAVs, Europe and its non-US NATO allies are more than willing to fill any spending vacuum and are already contributing more than twice as much as the US.
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Digital Battlespace
AUSA 2025: Kopin pushes micro-LED plans as China moves faster
22nd October 2025
The plan for the new displays follows fresh investment in Kopin’s European facilities by Theon and an order for head-up displays in fielded aircraft, with funding from the US Department of Defense.
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Air Warfare
Paris Air Show 2025: GA-ASI and Saab partner on AEW MQ-9B capability, demo to fly by 2026
17th June 2025
The AEW capabilities are seen to slot into Saab’s wider AEW offering as a complementary extension to its portfolio, while augmenting the MQ-9B’s own range of uncrewed aircraft.
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Air Warfare
Latin American air forces look beyond fighters to revamp transport aircraft fleets
4th February 2026
The Mexican Air Force has become the first Latin American operator of the C-130J Super Hercules, but the service is not alone in acquiring a tactical airlifter in recent months.
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Land Warfare
Australia and Canada approved for $2.5 billion HIMARS buys
3rd October 2025
Australia already operates M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) after receiving first units in March and conducting the first firings in August. Canada’s order comes in the face of a commitment from the government to move away from US products.
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Land Warfare
March land forces roundup: A new war confronts the old drone problem
2nd April 2026
The attack by the US and Israel on Iran which began at the end of February presented a Ukraine-like scenario of drone-led warfare – in fact the same drone type in the Shahed – and the problem of how to counter them.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Landing platform docks/dock landing ships
Landing Platform Docks [Saudi Arabia]
Programme Background Requirements The Royal Saudi Naval Forces (RSNF) is in the process of a fleet transformation plan (SNEP II) which, so far, has seen the procurement ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Shield AI UAVs [Saudi Arabia]
Background Reported Talks Reporting from the World Defence Show (WDS) 2026, the Middle East Eye (MEE) noted that, according to two sources, Saudi Arabia was ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) [Qatar]
Background Saudi Arabia Speaking to Breaking Defense at the Dubai Airshow 2025, GA-ASI President David Alexander stated that Saudi Arabia was working to sign a procurement ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Gambit [UAE]
Background Saudi Arabia Speaking to Breaking Defense at the Dubai Airshow 2025, GA-ASI President David Alexander stated that Saudi Arabia was working to sign a procurement ...
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Frigates
Frigates Procurement Programme [Saudi Arabia]
Programme Background Requirements The Royal Saudi Navy urges to enhance its combat capabilities and to replace older vessels. Riyadh has recently embarked on major naval ...
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Loitering munitions
Loitering Munitions [Czech Republic]
Background KVAČR Concept In February 2024, the Czech Army unveiled the Construction of the Army of the Czech Republic (KVAČR) concept, which outlined an increase ...
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Loitering munitions
Deep-strike, low-cost, loitering munition [India]
Background Effectiveness of the capability Following the launch of Operation Epic Fury on 28 February 2026, which marked the beginning of the 2026 Iran war, ...
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Military helicopters - attack
Surion Marine Attack Helicopter [South Korea]
Programme Background The ROKMC has planned to obtain 24 attack helicopters for the first time. When bidding opened in January 2019, there were five contenders: Bell ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Watchkeeper X (Contracted) [Romania]
Background 2021 In mid-2021, the Romanian manufacturer Aerostar signed a collaboration with U-TacS to potentially produce the Watchkeeper X in Romania. U-TacS is a joint ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Watchkeeper X (Uncontracted) [Romania]
Background 2021 In mid-2021, the Romanian manufacturer Aerostar signed a collaboration with U-TacS to potentially produce the Watchkeeper X in Romania. U-TacS is a joint ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Akinci [Saudi Arabia]
Programme Background Erdogan Visit On 17 July 2023, President Tayyip Erdogan arrived in Jeddah for the first stop of his Gulf tour. The following day, ...
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Loitering munitions
Harop [Morocco]
Programme Background In November 2021, Haaretz reported that a $22 million drone sale between Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Morocco had occurred. That publication and ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
WJ-700 [Algeria]
Forecast Methodology Programme Value Unconfirmed reports show that the completed procurement cost Algeria $145 million in 2022. Quanity Required Reports indicated that Algreia had acquired four ...
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Military helicopters - transport/heavy lift
Heavy Lift Helicopter [Philippines]
Programme Background Procurement from Russia In November 2021, Philippine Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana confirmed that a contract had been signed to acquire 16 Mi-171 heavy ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Hermes 900 (1-4) [Brazil]
Background First batch (2014) In 2014, Elbit reported supplying one Hermes 900 UAV to the Brazilian Air Force (FAB). The drone is called the RQ-900 in Brazilian ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Samoom
Unveiled at the World Defence Show 2022, the Samoon is a Saudi Arabian UCAV manufactured by Intra Defence Technologies. It is powered by Belgian ULPower Aero ...
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MPVs - 4x4
Cockerill i-X
The Cockerill i-X is a wheeled armoured vehicle designed as a light armoured platform with a modular turret for intercepting enemy forces. John Cockerill Defense unveiled the new ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
2800 ASW Patrol Boat
The 2800 ASW Patrol Boat, developed by Couach, is a vessel designed for ASW operations. Unveiled at the 2022 World Defence Show, the vessel can be ...
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Land: battle management systems
Mulhim
Developed by Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI), Mulhim is a developmental Battle Management System designed for brigade-level and below formations. First unveiled in 2022, it ...
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UAS: communication systems
SkyARX Ku-18
CTech SkyARX Ku-18 is a lightweight, SATCOM-on-the-move terminal designed for air applications. The Ku-band terminal supports the secure transmission of full-motion video, data, and mission-critical ...
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EO/IR systems
PT-8N
The PT-8D is an IR system from Overwatch Imaging. It is fitted with multiple HD thermal cameras and has been designed to conduct missions at dusk ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
SKAT 350
Based on the Supercam 350, the SKAT 350 is a mini fixed-wing UAV manufactured by Kalashnikov Concern JSC. The drone was revealed in early 2024, ...
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EO/IR systems
PT-8D
Marketed as a cost-effective solution, the PT-8D is a wide-area search and ISR payload from Overwatch Imaging. It features an RGB colour camera and a ...
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Air: Displays
LAD2008DA
Produced by Psion DSP, LAD2008DA is a 20"x8" Large Area Display for full-glass cockpit applications. It was showcased during the 2022 Farnborough Air Show and the 2023 ...
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Land: RWS
TEBER-II 30/40
The Teber II-30/40 is a remote-controlled turret developed by Turkish manufacturer FNSS. This RCT is designed to fit tracked or wheeled armour vehicle programs. FNSS ...
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Loitering munitions
Jaser
The Jaser is an electronically powered loitering munition manufactured by Serb Advanced Industries. It is pneumatically launched, and is qquipped with both day and thermal imaging cameras. At ...
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EO/IR systems
PT-8DN
The PT-8DN is a versatile day-night payload from Overwatch Imaging. It has dual RGB sensors of different focal lengths and an HD LWIR sensor. It also ...
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Air: Displays
RDU-4208 LAD
ScioTeq RDU-4208 is a 20"x8" Large-Area Display. It features a fully redundant, high-resolution screen with multitouch support. Unveiled in 2022, it was also demonstrated in ...
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Loitering munitions
Hamza-3
Egypt’s state-owned Arab Organisation for Industrialisation (AOI) unveiled its Hamza-3 at the World Defence Show 2026. It is fitted with cameras and anti-jamming systems, and can ...
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MPVs - 4x4
D-Tiger
Thai Defense Industry (TDI) unveiled its D-Tiger 4x4 armoured tactical vehicle at Defense & Security 2022 in Bangkok. The D-Tiger is aimed at export sales, with ...