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Land Warfare
The year ahead: Major trends and forecasts for the land domain in 2026
8th January 2026
2025 was a busy year for the land domain and 2026 looks set to be just as big. Shephard’s Dr Peter Magill analyses some of the major trends we are likely to see in the year ahead.
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Naval Warfare
Half of Australia’s first Hunter frigate is now in fabrication
29th September 2025
BAE Systems Maritime Australia’s Andy Coxall gave Shephard a progress update on its HMAS Hunter frigate, while addressing concerns over the cost difference between Australia’s programme and Norway’s.
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Air Warfare
Peru cleared for possible $3.42 billion F-16 Block 70 buy
16th September 2025
The potential foreign military sale covers 12 F-16 aircraft as well as related training and equipment support, the DSCA notice said.
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Naval Warfare
How China’s naval advancements are pushing the US Navy to innovate
21st January 2026
The US Navy is set to invest $30 billion in artificial intelligence, cyber, space and autonomy research and development efforts in FY2026 as the force rethinks how it fights in light of China’s naval rise.
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Air Warfare
Paris Air Show 2025: Lockheed says TR-3 upgrade “closing in” on completion
16th June 2025
The TR-3 configured F-35 aircraft have rolled off production lines since July 2024, but are still not yet combat capable and are still awaiting final sign-off for the software upgrade.
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Air Warfare
Ukraine and Sweden mark first major step towards potential Gripen E export deal
23rd October 2025
The letter of intent, signed on 22 October, is the first move in a “long road” towards Sweden strengthening the Ukrainian Air Force with up to 150 Gripen aircraft.
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Air Warfare
UK eyes lightweight satellite communications for UAVs
23rd October 2026
The UK is seeking to extend the operational reach of uncrewed aerial vehicles, reflecting growing demand for compact, energy-efficient technology to support beyond-line-of-sight operations.
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Land Warfare
Canada accelerates uncrewed aerial system procurement for NATO and Arctic forces
29th October 2026
Canada plans to acquire at least 120 uncrewed aerial systems through two competitions with combined funding ceilings of C$32 million.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy acquires additional Most Aggressive Features for Virginia-class submarines
22nd October 2025
A follow-on contract awarded to Collins covers the supply of up to eight MAFs to be delivered from 2027.
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: Trials completed for new version of Tridon air defence gun
10th September 2025
Less than two years ago, Sweden’s BAE Systems Bofors announced it was developing a new 40mm short-range air defence system using internal research and development funding, calling it the Tridon Mk2.
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Land Warfare
Land forces review: British Army vehicle programme stalls and company results land
26th November 2025
In the first monthly review of land forces stories, the Shephard team looks back to evaluate the major news events that have impacted the sector. The UK’s Land Mobility Programme was notable but another setback occurred when a market industry day was scrapped.
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Air Warfare
Denmark to bolster maritime defences as P-8A FMS deal approved by US
6th January 2026
The NATO country continues to focus on building up its maritime surveillance and enforcement capabilities as part of a major investment in its Arctic defences.
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Land Warfare
Land forces review: howitzers in the spotlight and Germany spends big to close the year
5th January 2026
December saw several milestones on the howitzer front with billions of dollars worth of orders placed and Germany committing to more 6×6 and 4×4 vehicles. Taiwan was also approved for equipment orders worth $11 billion even as the year came to an end with China encircling the country as part of an exercise.
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Air Warfare
December drone digest: Germany, Australia and US champion indigenous UAV production
30th December 2025
One of the key trends seen in December has been the rise in indigenous investment within the UAV market, particularly across certain countries, with Germany, Australia and the US focusing on their commitments to sovereign development.
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Air Warfare
UK to purchase 12 F-35A aircraft to strengthen nuclear deterrence
25th June 2025
The potential acquisition of F-35A aircraft was first mentioned in the Strategic Defence Review, published on 2 June.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - MALE
XQ-58A Valkyrie [USMC]
Programme Background Contract Award On 30 December 2022, the US DoD announced that it had awarded Kratos Unmanned Aerial Systems a $15.52 million cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to ...
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Fighter - multirole
JAS-39C/D Gripen replacement [Czech Republic]
Background Requirements The Czech Republic Air Force operates 14 Gripens (12 JAS 39C and two JAS 39D variants) under a lease agreement that runs until ...
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Fighter - multirole
Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) [Japan]
Programme Background Shephard notes that GCAP's Japanese, British and Italian components are tracked in separate entries. Programme Timeline 2020: The Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency of Japan issued ...
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Fighter - multirole
Typhoon Tranche 3A [Saudi Arabia]
Background Timeline In June 2018, Saudi Arabia agreed to procure 48 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter aircraft from BAE. However, Germany's defence export ban to Saudi ...
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Fighter - multirole
Kaan additional units [Turkey]
Background Requirement Geopolitical factors have spurred aircraft development in Türkiye. With its removal from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter project following the Russian S-400 air ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Turkey]
Background Programme involvement Turkish involvement in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter programme began in the early 2000s, with the country's participation beginning in the concept demonstration ...
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Fighter - multirole
Eurofighter new build fleet [Turkey]
Background Requirement The Turkish Air Force has operated two main fighter platforms, the F-16 and F-4, for several decades. As older F-16 airframes and F-4s ...
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Fighter - multirole
TF-X Kaan Next Generation Fighter [Turkey]
Background Requirement Geopolitical factors have spurred aircraft development in Türkiye. With its removal from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter project following the Russian S-400 air ...
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Trainer
Hawk 127 Replacement (Future Lead-In Fighter Training System- Project Air 6002 PH1) [Australia]
Programme Background Requirements The RAAF is seeking a future solution that provides a ‘relevant, adaptable, affordable and safe LIFTS out to 2050’ for training pilots ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Denmark]
Programme Background Denmark joined the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program in 2002 during the System Development and Demonstration phase and has influenced technical elements ...
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Fighter - multirole
Project Halcon I [Spain]
Programme Background The Spanish Air Force began requirements assessments, although potential suppliers including Boeing (F/A-18E/F), Lockheed Martin (F-35), Airbus-BAE-Leonardo (Eurofighter Typhoon) are already engaged with ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-18 Replacement Phase II/Project Halcon II [Spain]
Programme Background The Spanish Air Force began requirements assessments, although potential suppliers, including Boeing (F/A-18E/F), Lockheed Martin (F-35), and Airbus-BAE-Leonardo (Eurofighter Typhoon), are already engaged ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A Japan
In 2019, Japan requested to be an official partner in the F-35 programme, but this request was rejected by the Pentagon. The F-35 Joint Strike ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B (1-30) [Italy]
The 2019 and 2020 budget contained significant funding for the F-35 programme: €690 million ($775 million) in 2019 and €859 million ($962 million) in 2020, ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (61-75) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirement In 2009, the Italian MoD planned to purchase 131 F-35 aircraft, which was later reduced to 90. According to the MoD documentation, ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Air: fixed-wing flight simulators
F-35 Training System
BAE Systems is involved in F-35 Lightning II Training System design and sustainment, working with prime contractor Lockheed Martin. BAE Systems leads the instructional systems ...
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Air: Defensive Systems - Radar Warning Receivers, EW test systems
Model 527
The Model 527 radar signal simulator is used for end-of-runway and walk-around radiated RWR testing to verify the operational status of the aircraft and its ...
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Air: Electronic Attack - Jamming, Air: chaff/flare/decoy systems
AN/ALE-55 FOTD
The ALE-55 Fibre Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD) is a high-powered electronic off-board countermeasure that works with an aircraft’s onboard EW equipment to defeat radiofrequency (RF) threats. It ...
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Air-to-surface missiles
SPEAR-EW
The SPEAR-EW missile, developed by MBDA in collaboration with Leonardo, is an air-to-surface weapon designed to perform Suppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD) missions. This ...
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EW test systems
A2PATS
Advanced Architecture Phase Amplitude and Time Simulator (A2PATS) is a real-time EM test environment simulator for military platforms and installed systems, designed to deliver mission ...
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Military UAS - HALE
HAPS / PHASA-35
The High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS) is a solar-electric Persistent High Altitude Solar Aircraft (PHASA-35). Produced by BAE Systems and Prismatic, the platform is designed to provide a persistent, ...
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-81
AN/APG-81 is operating in the X-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radar designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems for the F-35 “Lightning” all-weather ...
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Fighter - multirole
MiG-35
The MiG-35 (NATO reporting name Fulcrum F) is a multirole fighter, the latest variant of the MiG-29 Fulcrum fighter family. The production of the MiG-35 ...
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EO/IR systems
F-35 Lightning II Advanced EOTS
The F-35 Lightning II Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS) is a sensor that combines targeting forward-looking IR (FLIR) and IR search and track (IRST) capabilities for ...
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Fighter - multirole, Fighter - naval
F-35B
The F-35B Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) capability. The USMC is the main customer for the F-35B, ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35I Adir
The F-35I Adir is an F-35A Lightning II variant customised to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces to replace the F-16 fleet in ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
F-35 Gen III HMDS
The F-35 Gen III helmet-mounted display system (HMDS) is provided by a joint venture between Elbit Systems of America and Rockwell Collins, developed for the F-35 ...
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Air: Integrated Defensive Systems
AN/ALQ-178V(5)+
The AN/ALQ-178(5)+ is an internally mounted self-protection system designed and developed by Aselsan and BAE Systems for the Turkish F-16C fighter aircraft. The system comprises ...
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
JSM
The Joint Strike Missile (JSM) is a multi-role version of the Naval Strike Missile. Norway funded the programme to develop and produce the JSM for the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A
The F-35A Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with CTOL capabilities. It is a multinational programme led by the US DoD, bringing together ...
