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Naval Warfare
UK upgrades threat detection systems on its Royal Navy warships
28th January 2025
The news of the upgrade comes just a week after UK Royal Navy (RN) vessels escorted a Russian spy ship out of the English Channel.
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Naval Warfare
France and Sweden sign defence roadmap as Naval Group positions FDI frigate for Swedish surface ship programme
23rd June 2025
A pact signed at the Paris Air Show has seen Sweden turn to the French FDI frigate to lead its next-gen surface combatant fleet amid shifting security dynamics in the Baltic Sea.
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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall to supply 81mm EIMOS mortar systems to Spain under $162 million deal
23rd October 2024
The 81mm EXPAL Integrated Mortar System (EIMOS) is a platform-based system which will be used by Spain’s army, navy and air force.
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Land Warfare
Lithuania orders L3Harris manpack radios and AeroVironment small drones
7th January 2025
In the medium-term Lithuania has committed US$1.3 billion which includes Javelin ant-tank missiles, Joint Light Tactical Vehicles (JLTVs), Black Hawk helicopters, missile systems and missiles.
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Naval Warfare
Last Astute-class submarine renamed HMS Achilles
27th January 2025
The submarine was due to be named HMS Agincourt, but will now follow HMS Agamemnon's lead, being named after a warrior from the Iliad.
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Defence Notes
New UK-EU defence pact misses concrete details despite ambitious “first step”
20th May 2025
Given the geopolitical gravity, analysts have said the defence and security agreement established falls short of what is needed for future UK-EU co-operation.
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Land Warfare
Kyiv works to replicate unmanned air success with ground vehicles
8th August 2025
The conflict in Ukraine has seen the country’s defence firms emerge as technological innovators in response to the Russian invasion of the country in 2022. The drone war in the air has been a significant development while the efforts on the ground have been less acknowledged.
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Defence Notes
World Defense Show promises bigger and better event for 2026
24th July 2025
At this year's IDEF in Istanbul, Shephard spoke to World Defense Show (WDS) CEO Andrew Pearcey about his event's strategic role in Saudi Arabia, its themes and new features for 2026 and how it has grown since its launch in 2022.
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Digital Battlespace
BAE Systems gets go-ahead for second phase of mission communications programme
3rd October 2024
DARPA’s Mission-Integrated Network Control (MINC) programme was set up to develop an autonomous tactical network and enable critical data flow in contested environments.
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Air Warfare
Indonesia commits to further collaboration with Turkey, eyes Kaan jet and MILDEN programmes
14th April 2025
The two countries have already signed defence industrial partnerships in recent years, most recently between Republikorp and Turkish firm Baykar in February 2025.
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Land Warfare
L3Harris Diamondback autonomous reconnaissance vehicle to begin testing in 2025
17th October 2024
L3Harris and Overland AI have unveiled Diamondback, a modular, autonomous reconnaissance vehicle designed for versatile ISR missions in harsh environments.
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Naval Warfare
BAE Systems’ nuclear shipyard suffers “significant fire”
31st October 2024
The shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness in the UK is where both Dreadnought and Astute-class nuclear submarines are being built.
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Naval Warfare
Latest Virginia-class submarine, USS Iowa, commissioned
8th April 2025
SSN-797 was commissioned as USS Iowa, the first Virginia-class submarine of the second Trump administration. It was described as “just the beginning” of a revitalisation of US naval shipbuilding by Secretary of the Navy John Phelan.
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Digital Battlespace
AUSA 2024: General Micro Systems adds four new products to the X9 Spider family
14th October 2024
The airborne three-domain, the two ground-based and the ¼ ATR OpenVPX-based cross-domain systems were engineered to provide real-time security across multi-domain operations.
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Naval Warfare
Keel laid for Royal Navy’s next-generation nuclear submarine
25th March 2025
HMS Dreadnought will be the first of the four Dreadnought class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) scheduled to enter service in the early 2030s. Following its keel-laying ceremony last week, Shephard takes a deeper dive into the class which will eventually replace the Royal Navy's long-standing Vanguard class of boats.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Skyborg [USA]
Programme Background Programme Intention Skyborg is one of three USAF Vanguard programs outlined in the Air Force Science and Technology 2030 initiative. The program intends ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones [Lithuania]
Programme Background Ukraine FPV Drones On 5 April 2024, the Lithuanian MoD announced it would purchase around 3,000 Lithuanian-made FPV drones to give to Ukraine ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones [Moldova]
Programme Background Lithuanian Drones Lithuania's Minister of National Defense, Laurynas Kasciunas, announced that Lithuanian-produced thermal night vision devices and FPV drones had begun being delivered to Moldova during ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Lithuania]
Programme Background 3000 FPV Drones On 5 April 2024, the Lithuanian MoD announced it would purchase around 3,000 Lithuanian-made FPV drones to give to Ukraine to ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
V-Bat [Netherlands]
Background Contract Award On 9 July 2025, Shield AI announced that the Netherlands MoD had acquired eight V-Bat, specifically the V-Bat 400, aircraft to enhance the maritime intelligence, surveillance ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - tactical
V-Bat 128 (Brazil)
Programme Background On 7 February 2022, Sheild AI announced on its website that it had signed a contract with VSK Tactical which included the 'purchase of [the] V-Bat ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Group Unmanned Isr DronE (GUIDE) [Netherlands]
Background Competition On 14 March 2025, the Netherlands announced on the EU tendering website a competition sounding the future procurement of 514 UAVs for intelligence, surveillance, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Loyal Wingan [Japan]
Programme Background Drone Appetite Released in December 2022, the Defence Building Program (DBP) called on the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) to replace some human assets with uncrewed ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
V-Bat [India]
Programme Background Make In India The 'Make In India' is an initiative by the Indian government to grow the domestic manufacturing industry. In the context of ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Replicator 1 [US]
Programme Background Announcement & Requirement In late August 2023, Deputy Defense Secretary Kathleen Hicks announced the Replicator programme, an effort to galvanise an industry which ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Mi2 Challenge [USN]
Programme Background Requirements The USN wants a UAV to be flown in austere environments without dedicated launch or recovery equipment; since it would be launched ...
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Loitering munitions
Artemis [US]
Background Origin Artemis began in 2024 due to the US European Command and Indo-Pacific Command's demand for UAVs that met the following requirements. As part ...
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ARV (USMC) [USA]
Programme Background The ARV constitutes one component of a wider USMC effort to develop an interconnected network of manned and unmanned platforms more suited to ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
XM30 Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicle [USA]
Programme Background Requirement The OMFV programme is the latest of several attempts to develop a Bradley replacement. Designed to be capable of operating with or without ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Air Launched Effect (ALE) [South Korea]
Programme Background KF-21 Boramae Crewed Fighter The Republic of Korea's Air Force (ROKAF) plans to acquire the KF-21 Boramae fighter, replacing F-4E Phantom II and ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Loitering munitions
Viper 10
The Viper 10 is a rotary-wing first-person view (FPV) drone from Baltic Viper. The loitering munition quadcopter has a 4kg payload, a reinforced communication system, and ...
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UAS: flight control systems
Hivemind
Developed by Shield AI, Hivemind is an ecosystem of tightly integrated AI software tools and interfaces that leverages several factors to deliver intelligent and resilient autonomy ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Netra 5
Launched at Aero India 2025, the Netra 5 is a rotary-wing UAV manufactured by ideaForge. It can host a 900g EO/IR camera and drop a ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
GA-10FPV-AI
The GA-10FPV-AI is a Lithuanian FPV quadcopter drone manufactured by Granta Autonomy. The drone can carry a 3kg payload and operate in GNSS-denied environments. In September 2024, Granta Autonomy ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
TETTRON TM-450
The Tettron TM-450 is a micro rotary-wing UAV manufactured by Thunder Tiger. The primary mission of the drone is to provide short-range reconnaissance (SRR), particularly ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
INTeACT
Developed by BAE Systems, INTeACT is a next-generation combat management system for surface vessels with a dedicated software development kit (SDK). Notably, it includes AI-powered ...
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Loitering munitions
FWD-LM01
The FWD-LM01 is a loitering munition unveiled by Flying Wedge Defence & Aerospace at the Paris Air Show 2025. The manufacturer states the drone is built for ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
UAS Concept 1
In July 2022, BAE Systems revealed two UAV concepts. The UAS Concept 1 is described as a small, versatile aircraft designed to augment existing forces ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Jump 20-X
Unveiled at IDEX 2025, the Jump 20-X is an advancement of AeroVironment's Jump 20 UAV. It is a small (Group 3), fixed-wing, VTOL-capable aircraft with a heavy-fuel ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Nova 2
The Nova 2 is a rotary-wing UAV designed by Sheild AI. The platform features Level 5 autonomy, allowing it to autonomously traverse complex domains without an operator's ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Autonomous Collaborative Platform (ACP)
In July 2022, BAE Systems revealed two UAV concepts, one later being branded Concept 2, or the Autonomous Collaborative Platform (ACP), at DSEI 2023. Signage near ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Cinder
Dragoon Technology is a UAV being developed for the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU)'s Artemis effort. In May 2025, Teledyne FLIR announced it had teamed with Dragoon to offer ...
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Heavy UGVs
Robotics Technology Demonstrator
BAE Systems unveiled its Robotics Technology Demonstrator (RTD) at the AUSA exhibition in 2019. Designed to meet the requirements of the US Army's Robotic Combat ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
Inquisithor
Shephard saw the Inquisithor at DSA 2024. It is a quadcopter UAV from ProLab Engineering. It is highly customisable and can be changed to a user's requirements ...
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Air: aerial targets, Loitering munitions
Super Simsek
The Super Simsek (Süper Şimşek) is an improved version of the Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) training drone turned loitering munition. The drone has reconfigurable payload options ...