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Land Warfare
Leopard MBT: Alpha beast gets a reboot (updated 2025)
6th March 2025
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. This article traces the history and development of the Leopard 1 and 2, its variants, its operational service and its future prospects.
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Land Warfare
Beretta discloses details of its proposal for the British Army’s Project Grayburn
6th May 2025
The company is offering weapons and accessories produced by itself and by other Beretta Holding subsidiaries.
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Air Warfare
US and UK military targeted for GPS-free navigation system for UAVs in contested environments
5th May 2025
Flare Bright TACTERA software solution will be introduced at SOF Week 2025 in Tampa this week.
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Defence Notes
Israel defence ministry pushes ambitious spending plans for tanks, drones and KC-46 aircraft
21st August 2025
The procurement and acceleration production plans – some of which still await approval – across the air and land domains will aim to strengthen the operational needs of the Israel Defense Forces.
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Naval Warfare
BAE Systems selected for multi-billion-dollar Norway ship order
1st September 2025
BAE Systems is leading the construction of eight Type 26 City-class anti-submarine frigates for the UK Royal Navy (RN) with the first of these expected to enter service in 2027. Norway’s selection of the type makes it the fourth to make the choice alongside Australia, Canada and the UK.
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Air Warfare
BAE Systems reveals new GCAP demonstrator design with plans to fly by 2027
17th July 2025
A key part in the trinational Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), this is the first crewed supersonic aircraft demonstrator to be built and developed in the UK in more than 40 years.
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Air Warfare
What impact will the massive drone attack on Russian territory have on the future of the war in Ukraine?
2nd June 2025
The large-scale Ukrainian UAV offensive against airbases in Russia is likely to affect the conflict in multiple ways in addition to impacting the warfare of tomorrow.
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Air Warfare
UK MoD unveils first steps for British Army Watchkeeper replacement
17th April 2025
Project Corvus will look for a replacement for the Watchkeeper Mk1 uncrewed aerial system (UAS) that was retired from service in the British Army in March 2025.
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Naval Warfare
Canada commits to $15 billion River-class destroyers and infrastructure
17th March 2025
The new destroyer programme aims to build 15 new vessels over at least the next 25 years, the first of which should launch in the early 2030s.
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Land Warfare
QinetiQ awarded contract for further work on lasers, future systems and energy weapons
6th May 2025
Notable projects under the Weapons Sector Research Framework (WSRF) contract include the British Army determining the impact of a vehicle-mounted laser weapon on drones and testing a vehicle-mounted Radio Frequency Directed Energy Weapon (RFDEW).
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Air Warfare
2025 air market review: European defence independence, next-gen tech and export concerns dominate
23rd December 2025
This year’s (geo)political turmoil has challenged many long-prevailing assumptions, leading to far-reaching consequences for air forces and their supplier bases in industry worldwide – with five key trends in review for 2025.
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Land Warfare
"The next industrial revolution": Pearson Engineering embraces autonomy and robotics
1st September 2025
In Conversation: Shephard’s Gerrard Cowan talks to Pearson Engineering group chief executive officer Ian Bell about how the company is turning to new technologies to provide critical protection and mobility for troops on the front line.
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Air Warfare
October Drone Digest: Growing desire for CCAs and new VTOL technology unveiled
30th October 2025
During October 2025, several countries and organisations signalled their intention to acquire loyal wingman uncrewed aircraft systems — designated by the US Air Force as Collaborative Combat Aircraft — or to study the capability further, while various new uncrewed helicopters were showcased.
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Land Warfare
What does Germany’s new tank joint venture mean for MGCS?
16th July 2025
Germany is Europe’s leading country for tank manufacture and until this month was committed to the Franco-German Main Ground Combat System (MGCS) which included tanks and other vehicles. Earlier this month, Germany and other European countries set up the Main ARmoured Tank of Europe (MARTE) project casting a shadow over the MGCS.
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Air Warfare
Final Dutch F-16 bound for Ukraine, as Sweden and Latvia commit further military aid
27th May 2025
Drones also remain a core focus for military aid funding from various allied countries, as the uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) remain a pivotal part of Ukraine’s defence strategy.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Transport
Medium Transport Aircraft (DROP) [Poland]
Programme Background Requirement Poland acquired the C-130E Hercules over a decade ago under the US FMS programme. Deliveries started in 2009 and ran through to ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Action Plan of the Georgian Defence Force (FlyEye) [Georgia]
Programme Background Action Plan of the Georgian Defence Forces 2020-30 In July 2021, the Georgian Minister of Defence, Juansher Burchuladze, outlined the country's military modernisation plan. ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (1-32) [Poland]
Programme Background During MSPO 2021, Lockheed Martin announced details related to F-35A manufacturing for the Polish Air Force. According to J.R McDonald, Lockheed Martin’s VP, business ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Gryf [Poland]
Background Requirements The Polish Ministry of Defence (MoD) identified the need for several ingeniously produced UAVs to provide ISTAR and strike capabilities for its armed forces ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Force Protection Drone Systems [Poland]
Background Force Protection In November 2024, the Polish Defence Ministry's Armaments Agency signed a PLN 499 million (US$127.6 million) agreement with WB Group for 12 Force Protection drone ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Gladius [Poland]
Programme Background Contract Signing On 6 May 2022, the Minister of National Defense, Mariusz Błaszczak, the president of the WB GROUP, Piotr Wojciechowski and the head ...
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Main battle tanks
Wilk
Programme Background The Wilk programme was included in the Polish MoDs Technical Modernisation Plan of the Polish Armed Forces for 2021-2035. It was primarily aimed ...
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Main battle tanks
K2 (Phase 1) [Poland]
Programme Background Requirement Poland's K2 purchase is the successor of the Wilk programme which aimed to replace the country's Soviet-era T-72 and PT-91 MBTs with a ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
FlyEye (Framework Agreement) (Uncontracted) [Poland]
Background Pre-2023 Contracts Across three orders, one in the early 2010s, another in December 2018 and another in February 2022, the Polish Territorial Defence Force ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Zefir (Uncontracted) [Poland]
Programme Background Inception The Zefir programme required a MALE UCAV with an operating radius of up to 1000km. In 2018, Defence24 reported that Poland could ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 [Poland]
Programme Background Requirement Under the Gryf programme, the Polish MoD identified the need for an indigenously produced MALE UAV to provide ISTAR and strike capabilities at ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Zefir (Contracted) [Poland]
Programme Background Inception The Zefir programme required a MALE UCAV with an operating radius of up to 1000km. In 2018, Defence24 reported that Poland could procure ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
FlyEye (Framework Agreement) (Contracted) [Poland]
Background Pre-2023 Contracts Across three orders, one in the early 2010s, another in December 2018 and another in February 2022, the Polish Territorial Defence Force ...
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Loitering munitions
Warmate (2022) [Poland]
Background 2022 Order Following a purchase of the drone in 2027, on 30 April 2022, Defence 24 reported that the Polish Armament Agency had ordered ...
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Military helicopters - maritime
Kondor Naval Helicopters (Poland)
Programme Background In 2018, the Polish MoD announced its requirement to purchase up to eight naval helicopters to replace in-service SH-2G Super Seasprite helicopters. Polish ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
PGZ-19R
The PGZ-19R is a low-altitude, short-range tactical fixed-wing UAV. Based on the E-310 demonstrator, the platform has been designed to carry ISR sensors, search and rescue and ...
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Military helicopters - multirole
AW149
The AgustaWestland 'AW149' is an 8t-class multirole battlefield helicopter developed by AgustaWestland (now Leonardo) launched in 2006, making its maiden voyage in 2009. For combat ...
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Self-propelled guns
Krab
Poland selected a modified version of the BAE Systems AS90M Braveheart 155mm/52cal turret to meet its requirement for a new SPH. Poland’s HSW is prime ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
BSP-U
The BSP-U, or Gladius/Gladius 2, is a Polish-made UAV. Defence 24 confirmed that the platform is not a loitering munition, suggesting that it could be a UCAV or a striking ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
BMP-1
The BMP-1 (Bronevaya Maschina Piekhota-1) is a tracked amphibious IFV that was developed in the Soviet Union during the 1960s. Entering service with the Soviet ...
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Main battle tanks
Challenger 2
The 120mm-armed Challenger 2 MBT was introduced into British Army service in 1994 as a replacement for the Challenger 1, which was successfully employed in ...
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Land: Radio and SATCOM, Naval: Radio and SATCOM
R&S M3SR Series4400
Rohde & Schwarz M3SR Series4400 is a VHF/UHF radio system designed for stationary and shipborne applications. It offers several proprietary frequency-hopping waveforms as well as data link ...
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ISR/special mission, Maritime patrol
A320neo M3A
Currently under development by Airbus, the A320 M3A is the Maritime Patrol version of the civilian A320neo aircraft. The aircraft can be fitted with a wide ...
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Military helicopters - light/training
SW-4
The SW-4 is a light, single-engine, multi-mission helicopter designed to carry up to five people (pilots included) and to be operated during the day and ...
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Light attack, Trainer
FA-50
Based on the T/TA-50 trainer/light attack aircraft, the FA-50 is further developed and upgraded with a tactical data link, precision-guided munitions, and a self-protection subsystem. ...
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EO/IR systems
LRF Mod 4EC/6EC
The Mod 4EC and Mod 6EC were designed specifically for remotely operated small platforms. The modules can be attached to Mini-Typhoon, CLAWS and other systems ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
AN/SQQ-89
The AN/SQQ-89 is an ASW combat system incorporates and processes all the sonar information and LAMPS sensor data. Manufactured by Lockheed Martin, there are currently ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
Next Generation Combat Vehicle Ammunition
The Next Generation Combat Vehicle Ammunition (NGVA) is a family of ammunition being developed by the US Army's Armaments Center and manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
ENBATA
ENBATA is a multi-mission, ITAR-free MALE UAV produced by the French company AURA AERO. The aircraft was developed at the request of the General Directorate ...
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Land: Radio and SATCOM
R35010
The Radmor R35010 personal role radio is a handheld, lightweight radio intended to operate in a small radio network between combat team members. The R35010 ...
