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Air Warfare
Ukraine to receive more F-16 spares and training support from the US and Czech Republic
7th May 2025
The US and Czech Republic have pledged different support packages, with the latter agreeing to jointly open a new F-16 training centre in partnership with a ‘coalition of the willing’.
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Land Warfare
Will we see a rise in MBT alternatives in future armoured warfare?
25th November 2025
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of militaries procuring alternative vehicles to the traditional tank. The spread of these vehicles appears to be driven by the ever-increasing cost of MBTs and the changing nature of the modern battlefield.
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Air Warfare
Avalon 2025: RAAF looks beyond 10 years to when future deliveries may restart
31st March 2025
The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) has been substantially refreshed in the past two decades including F-35A and F/A-18F fighter aircraft, as well as the addition of transport aircraft such as C-17s, C-130 variants and C-27Js. Additional aircraft may only be a medium-term prospect.
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Air Warfare
Avalon 2025: Australia’s missile and ordnance plans excite companies
31st March 2025
Australia’s Guided Weapons and Explosive Ordnance (GWEO) industrial plan is ambitious and promises big spending in an effort to create a local and sovereign capability. Companies at last week’s Australian International Airshow near Melbourne were making their pitches.
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Air Warfare
AUSA 2025: AeroVironment showcases new variant of Switchblade loitering munition family
15th October 2025
The new Switchblade 400 was on display alongside new variants of existing drones: the Switchblade 600 Block 2 and Switchblade 300 Block 20.
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Land Warfare
Engineering and design mean smaller vehicles can be tank killers but is it a good idea?
29th September 2025
The eulogy for the dedicated tank hunter or buster appears to have been written with most armies putting them out to retirement in the face of alternatives like longer-range missiles or uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). However, arming infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) or armoured personnel carriers (APCs) with medium-range missiles seems to indicate some kind of tank killer is required.
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Defence Notes
Pentagon’s FY26 defence budget proposal is $130 billion more than US Congress plans to provide
12th June 2025
The House Committee on Appropriations approved a FY2026 bill reducing investments in main defence programmes.
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Air Warfare
Baykar completes Piaggio Aerospace takeover with plans to boost drone production
1st July 2025
The takeover of the Italian firm by Baykar solidifies the company’s efforts to forge closer ties with Italian industry, bolsters its partnership with Leonardo to produce UAVs and secures its foothold in Europe.
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Air Warfare
Analysis: South American domestic drone programmes fly high
12th November 2025
While South American militaries will continue to import drone technology from extra-regional suppliers, the successful test of a locally manufactured kamikaze drone by the Brazilian Navy demonstrates the rising role of “made in South America” systems.
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Air Warfare
Lockheed sees 5% 2024 sales growth as CEO says DOGE is an “opportunity” for growth
5th February 2025
Lockeed Martin’s aeronautics sector saw $20 billion in orders, driven by its Lot 18 F-35 and US fiscal year F-35 sustainment contract wins.
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Land Warfare
The year ahead: Major trends and forecasts for the land domain in 2026
8th January 2026
2025 was a busy year for the land domain and 2026 looks set to be just as big. Shephard’s Dr Peter Magill analyses some of the major trends we are likely to see in the year ahead.
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Air Warfare
Shield AI unveils new autonomous VTOL fighter jet concept
23rd October 2025
Named X-Bat, the AI-controlled vertical take-off and landing drone is expected to enter production by 2029, with first flight tests estimated to take place a year earlier.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: Lionstrike lays out plans for British Army vehicle bid as competitors get ready
15th October 2025
In September 2025, BAE Systems announced that it was joining GM Defense and NP Aerospace to form Team Lionstrike. The team will be offering a version of GM Defense’s infantry support vehicle which is based on the commercial Colorado vehicle.
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Air Warfare
Paris Air Show 2025: Milkor and Hanwha partner to integrate the latter’s SAR payload into the Milkor 380
17th June 2025
Hanwha Systems and Milkor announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) at the Paris Air Show to integrate the Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system into the Milkor 380 drone.
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Land Warfare
BAE Systems expands Amphibious Combat Vehicle family with modular capabilities for future missions
13th May 2025
BAE Systems recently announced two contracts for a total of 60 ACVs for the US Marines and has displayed its ACV Logistics concept.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) [Japan]
Programme Background Shephard notes that GCAP's Japanese, British and Italian components are tracked in separate entries. Programme Timeline 2020: The Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency of Japan issued ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
XQ-58A Valkyrie [USMC]
Programme Background Contract Award On 30 December 2022, the US DoD announced that it had awarded Kratos Unmanned Aerial Systems a $15.52 million cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to ...
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Fighter - multirole
JAS-39C/D Gripen Replacement [Czech Republic]
Programme Background Requirements The Czech Republic Air Force operates 14 Gripens (12 JAS 39C and two JAS 39D variants) under a lease agreement that runs ...
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Fighter - electronic warfare
Jamming and Escort Electronic Attack Aircraft (luWES) [Germany]
Programme Background According to earlier reports, Berlin had earlier decided to procure 15 EA-18G Growlers over the Eurofighter Typhoon ECR concept, which is expected to be ...
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Fighter - multirole
Multirole Fighter [Turkiye]
Programme Background Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that Turkey had already paid $1.4 billion into the programme, while its defence industry has ploughed significant ...
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Trainer
Hawk 127 Replacement (Future Lead-In Fighter Training System- Project Air 6002 PH1) [Australia]
Programme Background Requirements The RAAF is seeking a future solution that provides a ‘relevant, adaptable, affordable and safe LIFTS out to 2050’ for training pilots ...
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Fighter - multirole
TF-X Kaan Next Generation Fighter [Türkiye]
Programme Background Requirement Geopolitical factors have spurred aircraft development in Türkiye. With its removal from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter project following the Russian S-400 ...
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Fighter - multirole
Eurofighter Typhoon First-Batch [Türkiye]
Programme Background Requirement The Turkish Air Force has operated two main fighter platforms, the F-16 and F-4, for several decades. As older F-16 airframes and ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | Typhoon Tranche 3A [Saudi Arabia]
In June 2018, Saudi Arabia agreed to procure 48 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter aircraft from BAE. The total procurement cost for 48 aircraft is estimated at ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
Air: Helmet-mounted displays | Typhoon Tranche 3A [Saudi Arabia]
In June 2018, Saudi Arabia agreed to procure 48 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter aircraft from BAE. The total procurement cost for 48 aircraft is estimated at ...
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Data links
Data links | Typhoon Tranche 3A [Saudi Arabia]
In June 2018, Saudi Arabia agreed to procure 48 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter aircraft from BAE. The total procurement cost for 48 aircraft is estimated at ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | Typhoon Tranche 3A [Saudi Arabia]
In June 2018, Saudi Arabia agreed to procure 48 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter aircraft from BAE. The total procurement cost for 48 aircraft is estimated at ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | Typhoon Tranche 3A [Saudi Arabia]
In June 2018, Saudi Arabia agreed to procure 48 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter aircraft from BAE. The total procurement cost for 48 aircraft is estimated at ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Denmark]
Denmark joined the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program in 2002 during the System Development and Demonstration phase and has influenced technical elements of the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (1-60) [Italy]
The 2019 and 2020 budget contained significant funding for the F-35 programme: €690 million ($775 million) in 2019 and €859 million ($962 million) in 2020, ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Air: fixed-wing flight simulators
F-35 Training System
BAE Systems is involved in F-35 Lightning II Training System design and sustainment, working with prime contractor Lockheed Martin. BAE Systems leads the instructional systems ...
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Air: Defensive Systems - Radar Warning Receivers, EW test systems
Model 527
The Model 527 radar signal simulator is used for end-of-runway and walk-around radiated RWR testing to verify the operational status of the aircraft and its ...
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Air: Electronic Attack - Jamming, Air: chaff, flare and decoy systems
AN/ALE-55 FOTD
The ALE-55 Fibre Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD) is a high-powered electronic off-board countermeasure that works with an aircraft’s onboard EW equipment to defeat radiofrequency (RF) threats. It ...
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EW test systems
A2PATS
Advanced Architecture Phase Amplitude and Time Simulator (A2PATS) is a real-time EM test environment simulator for military platforms and installed systems, designed to deliver mission ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - HALE
HAPS / PHASA-35
The High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS) is a solar-electric Persistent High Altitude Solar Aircraft (PHASA-35). Produced by BAE Systems and Prismatic, the platform is designed to provide a persistent, ...
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-81
AN/APG-81 is operating in the X-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radar designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems for the F-35 “Lightning” all-weather ...
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Fighter - multirole
MiG-35
The MiG-35 (NATO reporting name Fulcrum F) is a multirole fighter, the latest variant of the MiG-29 Fulcrum fighter family. The production of the MiG-35 ...
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EO/IR systems
F-35 Lightning II Advanced EOTS
The F-35 Lightning II Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS) is a sensor that combines targeting forward-looking IR (FLIR) and IR search and track (IRST) capabilities for ...
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Fighter - multirole, Fighter - naval
F-35B
The F-35B Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) capability. The USMC is the main customer for the F-35B, ...
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Air-to-surface missiles
SPEAR-EW
The SPEAR-EW missile, developed by MBDA in collaboration with Leonardo, is an air-to-surface weapon designed to perform Suppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD) missions. This ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
F-35 Gen III HMDS
The F-35 Gen III helmet-mounted display system (HMDS) is provided by a joint venture between Elbit Systems of America and Rockwell Collins, developed for the F-35 ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35I Adir
The F-35I Adir is an F-35A Lightning II variant customised to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces to replace the F-16 fleet in ...
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Air: Integrated Defensive Systems
AN/ALQ-178V(5)+
The AN/ALQ-178(5)+ is an internally mounted self-protection system designed and developed by Aselsan and BAE Systems for the Turkish F-16C fighter aircraft. The system comprises ...
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
JSM
The Joint Strike Missile (JSM) is a multi-role version of the Naval Strike Missile. Norway funded the programme to develop and produce the JSM for the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A
The F-35A Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with CTOL capabilities. It is a multinational programme led by the US DoD, bringing together ...