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Land Warfare
Land forces review: howitzers in the spotlight and Germany spends big to close the year
5th January 2026
December saw several milestones on the howitzer front with billions of dollars worth of orders placed and Germany committing to more 6×6 and 4×4 vehicles. Taiwan was also approved for equipment orders worth $11 billion even as the year came to an end with China encircling the country as part of an exercise.
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Land Warfare
Germany orders 84 Boxer howitzers as UK commits to a single demonstrator
29th December 2025
Germany has ordered 84 RCH 155 self-propelled guns along with 200 Puma infantry fighting vehicles, as the the UK commits to a single Early Capability Demonstrator RCH 155.
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Defence Notes
NATO signs agreements worth billions of dollars on missiles, air defence and aircraft
9th July 2026
Announcements on aircraft deals and agreements for trans-alliance cooperation to boost the production and purchase of weapons and equipment were key takeaways from this week’s NATO summit.
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Land Warfare
JLTV A2 cleared for first export as AM General awaits US Army plans
12th August 2025
The AM General’s Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) A2 is in low-rate initial production (LRIP) as testing of first vehicles continues. Canada is set to become the first export customer and the likely order will mark an important step for the company as it awaits the outcome of the US Army Transformation Initiative (ATI) which has argued for cuts to JLTV.
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Land Warfare
South Korean companies turning necessity into export opportunity
14th November 2025
South Korea’s particular geopolitical situation and threat environment has created a defence industry ecosystem of substantial size and breadth.
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Defence Notes
Malaysia’s defence budget sets out major procurement goals for 2026
16th October 2025
The country has allocated RM21.70 billion for defence spending next year, with some major procurements set to be initiated across the country’s army, navy and air force.
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Land Warfare
Netherlands to get step change in air defence capability with FFG ACSV selection
21st January 2026
FFG’s tracked Armoured Combat Support Vehicle will form the backbone of the Netherlands’ new low-level air defences, Shephard has learned, with scope for further fleet expansion beyond the initial order.
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Land Warfare
Lockheed Martin demonstrates Spike and is selected for next stage of US Army requirement
28th August 2025
The Spike non-line-of-sight (NLOS) missile is used by several countries as an air-launched weapon but the recent trials were ground-launched from a vehicle and involved three shots.
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Air Warfare
Bundeswehr launches loitering munition spending spree with $2.16 billion unassigned
24th April 2026
After months of delays, Rheinmetall has inked a €300 million deal with Germany for its FV-014 drone this week as part of a wider framework contract worth €2.4 billion for loitering munition procurement. Shephard looks at how the as-yet-unawarded funds could be spent.
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Naval Warfare
UK’s Type 31 frigate balances cost pressure with long-term export ambition
24th June 2026
The UK shipbuilder’s full-year results to the end of March revealed the impact of the £140 million charge linked to design changes and rework on the Royal Navy’s Type 31 frigate programme.
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Land Warfare
More details of Indonesia’s Celeris-based 4x4 emerge as customer hunt begins
12th November 2025
The Texelis Celeris builds on the rolling chassis of the Serval 4×4 lightweight multi-role armoured vehicle which is being built by Texelis and Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Nexter Defence Systems (KNDS France).
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: ST Engineering and ARIS discuss partnership to offer Bronco all-terrain carrier to Italian Army
12th September 2025
On the show floor at DSEI 2025, representatives from ST Engineering and ARIS, and retired Italian general Ivan Caruso outlined the background to the teaming agreement with land warfare expert Christopher F Foss.
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Land Warfare
SAHA 2026: Is the Turkish Army’s Altay MBT finally ready?
12th May 2026
At SAHA 2026, the Altay was proudly on display. But has the platform finally overcome the problems that have left it repeatedly late?
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Air Warfare
British Army seeks ACP to pair with Apache AH-64E helicopter
13th August 2025
The event notice to find this ACP solution will see a series of workshops run to assess problems sets for the wider Land Autonomous Collaborative Platform (LACP) programme.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: Hanwha Aerospace reveals new wheeled artillery system
20th October 2025
The aerospace company showed a model of its new mobile howitzer at AUSA in Washington, where a representative told Shephard more about its design.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
J-10 [China]
Programme Background The aircraft performed its maiden flight in 1998 and entered service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) in 2004. According to ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Data links
Data links | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
Air: Helmet-mounted displays | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Corvettes
Jiangdao Class (Type 056)
Programme Background The Type 056 corvette is referred to by the Chinese as the new-generation light guided-missile frigates. They have been built for the People's Liberation ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | S26T (2-3) [Thailand]
The Royal Thai Navy were in the process of acquiring up to three new submarines derived from the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) Yuan-class (Type ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | S26T (2-3) [Thailand]
The Royal Thai Navy were in the process of acquiring up to three new submarines derived from the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) Yuan-class (Type ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
Rapid Minelayers Procurement (1-4) [Taiwan]
Development and Procurement Four new rapid minelayers are being built for the Taiwanese Navy in a bid to counter the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
Rapid Minelayers Procurement (5-10) [Taiwan]
Programme Background Requirements The revelation of a Chinese bridge-barge landing system for amphibious operations, designed for a Taiwan invasion, has underscored the need for Taipei ...
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MPVs - 4x4
Kalyani M4 (India)
Programme Background In the wake of border clashes with the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) in 2020, the Indian Army has accelerated several of its ...
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Military helicopters - multirole
UH-60M Black Hawk [Taiwan]
Programme Background The Black Hawks are intended to defend against potential threats from China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA), as they possess rapid response capability in ...
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Frigates
Jiangkai II Class (Type 054A)
Built by Hudong-Zhonghua shipyard and Huangpu shipyards the frigates were first seen being constructed from 2005. The class is referred to as the workhorses of China's ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
VP1/Type 89 (Nigeria)
Programme Background The Nigerian Army has an ongoing need for new armoured vehicles to replace losses incurred in its conflict with extremist organisations operating within ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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AEW&C, Transport
Y-8
The Y-8 (Yunshuji-8) medium-sized transport and multirole aircraft was developed by Shaanxi Aircraft Corporation and is based on the Soviet Antonov An-12. More than 36 ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Type 19 8x8
The Type 19 8x8 is a family of vehicles developed for use by the People's Liberation Army (PLA).
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Military helicopters - transport/heavy lift
Z-8
Developed by Changhe Aircraft Industry Group, the Z-8 (known also as Z-18) is a derivative of the AC313 civil helicopter, which is itself a copy of ...
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Submachine guns
CS/LS2
Norinco’s CS/LS2 is a 9mm bullpup SMG designed for use with a suppressor. It has been in service with the People's Liberation Army since about ...
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Fighter - multirole
J-8
The J-8 (NATO reporting name Finback) is a multirole fighter domestically developed by China. It has design similarities with Soviet MiG-21 and Su-15 aircraft. The ...
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Armoured engineer vehicles
Type GCZ110
Norinco announced in 2014 that it had completed development of the Type GCZ110 armoured engineer vehicle based on a modified Type 79 tank chassis equipped ...
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Air: COMINT and ELINT systems
KZ-800
China National Electronics Import and Export’s (CEIEC) KZ-800 is an airborne Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) gathering system believed to be in widespread use onboard People’s Liberation ...
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EO/IR systems
Loong Eye LE380
The Loong Eye (Dragon's Eye) LE380 is a two-axis stabilised gimbal incorporating EO/IR sensors, laser designators, and laser rangefinders. Originally developed by the Luoyang Opto-Electro ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Sky Saker FX400A
The Sky Saker FX400A is a fixed-wing drone manufactured by Norinco. Capable of hosting both ISR and attack payloads, such as the Blue Arrow 7 ...
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Fighter - ground attack
J-16
The J-16 is a multirole fighter developed by China. It is based on the J-11 air superiority fighter, itself a licence-built version of the Russian ...
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Main battle tanks
VT2
The 125mm-armed VT2 tracked MBT, which was unveiled at DSA 2012, is the export version of the People's Liberation Army Type 96A. As of early ...
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Medium/general-purpose machine guns
Type 80
The Type 80 is a general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) manufactured by Norinco in China, based on the Soviet PKM. Certified in 1980, it entered PLA ...
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Air-launched ASW torpedoes, Ship-launched torpedoes
Yu-11 lightweight torpedo
Yu-11 is a Chinese-made surface and air-launched lightweight torpedo to defeat submarine threats from long distances.
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Fighter - multirole
J-10
The J-10 (NATO reporting name Firebird) is a multirole fighter developed by China to replace second-generation J-7 and Q-5 aircraft. The aircraft is also known ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - HALE
BZK-005
The BZK-005 is a Chinese-made HALE UAS that debuted at Airshow China in November 2018. The platform is designed for wide-area ISR tasks, and in ...