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Defence Notes
Ukraine turns legacy Kongsberg land turrets into semi-autonomous USV weapons
23rd September 2026
The company told Shephard that Ukraine is operating modified Protector weapon stations originally supplied for armoured vehicles, with human operators authorising engagements from hundreds of kilometres away.
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Air Warfare
India’s rotary-wing capability gap grows as IMRH programme delays persist
16th September 2026
With IMRH and DBMRH potentially years from service, India faces a widening rotary-wing capability gap that could drive further foreign purchases even as HAL and Safran build the foundations of an indigenous successor.
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Air Warfare
India confronts widening military helicopter gap as border demands intensify
5th February 2026
India’s major helicopter programmes are under the spotlight as the country turns to global partners to replace legacy helicopters with growing urgency.
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Naval Warfare
Australia is ramping up its uncrewed surface fleet as Sea Archer lines up for key requirement
2nd April 2026
As advances in uncrewed technology increasingly shape Australia’s maritime future, Shephard spoke with the country’s head of navy capability and a Leidos Australia executive about the operational advantages behind the shift.
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Air Warfare
US approves $16.5 billion in ‘emergency’ sales for air defence equipment for Middle East allies
20th March 2026
The United Arab Emirates has taken the lion’s share of this round, with the US supporting its F-16 fleet and signing off on possible sales for more AMRAAM AIM-120 missiles and a counter-drone system.
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Naval Warfare
Lessons shaping the next phase of Arleigh Burke production post-Flight IIA
11th June 2026
The accelerated delivery of the final Flight IIA destroyer, USS Patrick Gallagher, showcases the payoff of years of workforce investment and process reform at Bath Iron Works, with the lessons feeding into Flight III production.
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Naval Warfare
Quantum sensing gathers pace as navies eye undersea advantage
28th September 2026
As AI dominates defence conversations, industry increasingly points to quantum sensing as the technology set to change submarine and uncrewed underwater vehicle operations.
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Land Warfare
“Timelines are measured in seconds”: tackling the UAS threat with dispersed defences
17th July 2026
Small uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) have transformed the battlespace, posing a complex threat across all domains. Militaries now need counter-UAS (CUAS) capabilities that defeat the danger while meeting demands around readiness, manoeuvrability and adaptability, according to Mike Spina, Director, Global Sales and Business Development for Targeting and Sensor Systems (TSS) at L3Harris Technologies.
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Naval Warfare
US weighs offshore warship production due to industrial limits
12th June 2026
A Pentagon push to procure warships from Japanese and South Korean shipyards could reshape allied naval industrial strategy, but critics warn the approach risks hollowing out the domestic base Washington is seeking to restore.
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Air Warfare
Additional delays might hit Pentagon’s critical air programmes, GAO warns
10th July 2026
B-52 modernisation, Sentinel, MH-139A, T-7A and Air Force One replacement are among the US Air Force programmes the GAO says remain at risk of further schedule slips and cost growth due to acquisition and management challenges.
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Naval Warfare
A closer look at the US Navy’s $268 billion investment in shipbuilding by 2031
14th May 2026
The recently released USN 2026 Shipbuilding Plan anticipates the procurement of 185 crewed and uncrewed platforms in the next five years.
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Land Warfare
Sweden boosts air defence capabilities with Diehl Defence, Saab and MBDA orders
25th November 2025
The orders continue the country’s growing investment in its air defence systems across land and sea, coming months after previous investments by the government into IRIS-T SLM equipment.
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Land Warfare
Can Iranian air defence systems compete for exports?
7th January 2026
Iran’s defence industry is now producing a range of surface-to-air missile systems and has begun to market them internationally. Using what appears to be a mixture of original and reverse-engineered elements, how do they stack up compared to other countries’ offerings?
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Naval Warfare
Shoreline vulnerability drives Gulf interest in USV networks
22nd May 2026
Ukraine’s combat-proven Magura uncrewed surface vessel is attracting Gulf state interest as the Iran war exposes gaps in layered maritime air defence, raising questions about whether low-cost attritable systems can gain a foothold in a procurement culture historically drawn to high-end Western platforms.
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Naval Warfare
US Navy to develop an undersea networking capability to support UUV operations
12th February 2026
The NEREUS project aims to enhance and expand the US Navy’s existing communications systems, enabling crewed/uncrewed seabed and subsurface missions.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Maritime patrol
Challenger 650 ISR [UAE]
Background First order In February 2019 at IDEX, the UAE announced that it will procure a new special mission aircraft with an option for the ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Seeker 400 (1-6) [UAE]
Background Long history The UAE has a long history of transactions with Denel Dynamics. The country has been purchasing various Seeker systems from as far ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Acquisition of an Initial Depth Support Drone Capacity (ADAPT) [France]
Background Aftermath of SDT To fill the capability void left by the cancellation of the second section of the Tactical Drone System (SDT) programme, three ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Chinese UAVs [Bangladesh]
Background Request for Proposals (RFP) In 2023, as reported by Shephard at the time, the Bangladesh Army released a 106-page tender document to gather information ...
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Military UAS - small
Jump 20 [Denmark]
Background 2020 Tender In January 2018, Denmark's three main political parties signed the Danish Defence Agreement, a cross-party defence white paper covering the period between ...
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Military UAS - MALE
MQ-9A Reaper (First batch) [Netherlands]
Background Acquisition decision The Netherlands cancelled a project to procure an MALE UAV in 2007. Six years later, in 2013, it was revealed that the ...
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ISR/special mission
ISTAR Aircraft [South Korea]
Programme Background 2018 - Issue of RfI The South Korean Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) stated that Seoul planned to procure additional aircraft to minimise potential surveillance ...
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Military UAS - HALE
RQ-4 Global Hawk [Japan]
Background Selection and contract award In 2015, Northrop Grumman’s RQ-4 Global Hawk UAS and E-2D Advanced Hawkeye airborne early warning aircraft were selected by Japan ...
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Military UAS - HALE
RQ-4 Global Hawk [South Korea]
Background Requirments Seoul required UAS assets to help monitor its neighbour to the north and, increasingly, Chinese activities in waters and in the air near ...
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Military UAS - MALE
MQ-9A Reaper Block 5 [Italy]
Programme Background Initial Procurement Italy submitted a $330 million FMS request through the Defence Security Cooperation Agency for four MQ-9A aircraft, four GCS and five ...
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Military UAS - small
AR3 (Ukraine Aid) [UK]
Background £270 Million investment On 15 September 2025, the UK MoD noted that, since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the UK ...
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Military UAS - small
Gladius [Poland]
Programme Background Contract Signing On 6 May 2022, the Minister of National Defense, Mariusz Błaszczak, the president of the WB GROUP, Piotr Wojciechowski and the head ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Tactical UCAV [Czechia]
Programme Background Inception In November 2017, the Chief of Staff of the Army of the Czech Republic (ACR) announced that the service had earmarked CZK1 billion ...
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Military UAS - MALE
MQ-9A Reaper (Second batch) [Netherlands]
Background First batch Following a cancelled MALE UAV project in 2007, the Dutch MOD revealed its intention to acquire four MQ-9A Reapers from General Atomics ...
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Military UAS - small
Intra-Theatre Lift [UK]
Background Relationship to the Heavy Lift Challenge The Royal Navy (RN) embarked on the Heavy Lift Challenge, now called the Heavy Lift Capability (UASHLC), to explore cargo-carrying ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - tactical
AR5
First announced in October 2012, the AR5 is a MALE UAS designed for SAR, surveillance and maritime patrol missions. The AR5 can be flown manually or commanded ...
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Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar
AN/APY-10
The AN/APY-10 is an airborne maritime surveillance radar manufactured by Raytheon. It is designed to equip the USN'S Boeing P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft and has ...
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Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar
AN/ZPY-1 STARLite
The AN/ZPY-1 Small Tactical Radar-Lightweight (STARLite) is a synthetic aperture radar and GMTI sensor for UAVs, manufactured by Northrop Grumman. It offers strip and spot synthetic ...
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Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar, Air: surveillance radar
AN/APS-137B(V)5
The AN/APS-137B(V)5 is a maritime patrol radar manufactured by Raytheon. It provides both multi-resolution synthetic aperture radar and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), allowing performance over the ...
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Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar
TriSAR
The Tri-mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (TriSAR) is a real-time, high-resolution land and maritime surveillance radar designed by Array Systems Computing in Canada. It is suited ...
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Air: helicopter radar
AN/DPY-1 Lynx Block 30
The multi-mode AN/DPY-1 Lynx Block 30 is a reduced weight, power and volume variant of the AN/APY-8. It is a high-resolution, wide-area surveillance, Ku-band synthetic ...
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Subsystems: software
Radar Simulation Systems
The Digital Radar Landmass Simulator (DRLMS) model accurately simulates real-world terrain and cultural feature returns, as well as weather patterns and targets. Configurable parameters allow ...
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Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar
Seaspray 7500E V2
The Seaspray 7500E V2 is a long-range, maritime-focused multi-mode surveillance radar produced by Leonardo and manufactured in the UK. The system can rapidly interleave radar modes ...
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Air: surveillance radar
AN/APY-3
The AN/APY-3 is a large, phased-array, ground surveillance, side-looking airborne radar with synthetic aperture radar/moving target indication (MTI) capability. It is the primary sensor of ...
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Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar
TacSAR
The Tactical Synthetic Aperture Radar (TacSAR) is an airborne reconnaissance system designed by Collins Aerospace (now part of Raytheon). It is intended for land and ...
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Military UAS - small
AR3
The AR3, or AR3 Net Ray, is an autonomous small-UAS designed to support land-based and maritime missions. In May 2025, the Royal Air Force announced ...
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Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar
MOSAIC
The MOSAIC is a three-dimensional, AESA-based, multi-mode surveillance radar manufactured by Telephonics. It is designed for maritime, littoral and overland surveillance missions for rotary- and fixed-wing ...
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Air: surveillance radar
ASTOR
The Airborne Stand-Off Radar (ASTOR) is abattlefield surveillance synthetic aperture radar/moving target indication (MTI) system installed in the UK RAF's Raytheon SentinelR1 aircraft, a version ...
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Military UAS - MALE
Black Swan
The Black Swan is a cargo-carrying drone manufactured by Dronamic. In February 2026, the company released the Detect & Defend version, a military variant of the platform ...
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Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar
Seaspray 7300E V2
The Seaspray 7300E V2 radar is an airborne, maritime, multi-mode surveillance radar manufactured by Leonardo. It is designed for the detection of small maritime targets in ...
