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Land Warfare
The British Army’s Land Mobility Programme – all change but no progress?
19th November 2025
The UK’s Land Mobility Programme, an effort to replace thousands of British Army vehicles, may be about to undergo a radical change in direction.
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Land Warfare
Tests almost completed on German Army Wolf vehicles with deliveries soon
12th August 2025
The Germany Army (Bundeswehr) signed for 1,500 Mercedes-Benz Defence Vehicles Wolf 2 all-purpose 4×4 light utility vehicle in July last year, a deal which ultimately be for 5,800 units. Testing is ongoing and first production vehicles are expected to be delivered in November.
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Air Warfare
Belgium’s F-35A order progresses at it awaits first jet delivery by late 2025
12th June 2025
The first aircraft delivery timeline confirmation comes as Belgium weighs up an additional F-3A buy from Lockheed Martin.
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Air Warfare
Paris Air Show 2025: Embraer chalks up another win as Lithuania picks C-390
18th June 2025
Just this week Portugal signed for a sixth C-390 with the add-on of an option for 10 for other NATO countries. In April, Sweden signed for four and in December last year Slovakia agreed to buy three, while in the same month an undisclosed country agreed to buy two.
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Land Warfare
US Army awards RTX Raytheon follow-on contract for the RCADE modelling and simulation capability
24th March 2025
The agreement covers the establishment of a continuous experimentation environment.
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Land Warfare
What does the future hold for North Korean troops in Ukraine?
3rd February 2025
Various questions remain unanswered regarding the presence of North Korean troops in Ukraine.
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Land Warfare
Getting the most from open-architecture solutions in defence
1st October 2025
What are the best practices for maximising the benefits of open-architecture technology for military applications?
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: Leopard 1 offered extra kick with new power pack
4th September 2025
The new power pack from Germany’s Flensburger Fahrzeugbau Gesellschaft (FFG) is about 300kg lighter than the original system, consists of a more modern eight-cylinder diesel developing up to 1,080hp. It is being shown for the first time at DSEI.
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Land Warfare
EMOC 120mm lightweight mortar system targeted at British Army requirement
10th March 2025
EMOC can be fitted with an 81mm or a 120mm smooth bore barrel and when in the travelling position is horizontal. For firing, it is deployed over the rear arc until the baseplate contacts the ground.
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: Elbit Systems set to field joint fires systems as it looks to large UK requirements
15th September 2025
Elbit Systems UK was awarded the Dismounted Joint Fires Integrators (D-JFI) programme in January 2021, which will integrate with the UK’s army, marines and air force. The parent company has decades of heritage in the UK and is looking to compete for the Watchkeeper drone replacement.
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Air Warfare
UK bets big on drone investment and boosts its drone deliveries to Ukraine tenfold
4th June 2025
The £4 billion domestic funding package will go towards the development of autonomous and uncrewed aerial systems and was announced in the wake of the publication of the UK Strategic Defence Review.
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Land Warfare
Europe “must provide the overwhelming share” of future defence aid to Ukraine, says US Secretary of Defence
14th February 2025
Pete Hegseth stated that Europe “must provide the overwhelming share of future lethal and nonlethal aid to Ukraine”.
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Land Warfare
Ukraine’s ground robot army still finding its feet
31st October 2025
Ukraine’s quest to replace soldiers with robots is hitting technical snags. Shephard spoke with industry leaders about difficulties in the field and what solutions are in the pipeline.
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Air Warfare
Paris Air Show 2025: Parrot’s new microdrone ANAFI UKR breaks cover
23rd June 2025
While the Paris Air Show marked the first time the ANAFI UKR has been publicly shown, the ISR drone has been in use with various armed forces for the last eight months, Parrot told Shephard.
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Defence Notes
EU commits to increased defence spending and boosting capability
4th February 2025
There has been increased pressure from the second-term Trump administration in the US, as there was in the first term, for increased defence spending from non-US NATO countries, a move which is noted by Europe as already occurring.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
L-SAM-II Prototype [South Korea]
Background In June 2025, it was announced that South Korea had awarded a $144 million contract with Hanwha Aerospace to develop a prototype for the L-SAM-II high-altitude surface-to-air missile ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
HQ-19 [Pakistan]
Background In 2025, Pakistan ordered an unknown number of HQ-19 long-range air defence systems to counter ballistic missile attack. The HQ-19 is a Chinese system developed ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Long Range Air Defence [Luxembourg]
Background In August 2026, Luxembourg announced that it was cancelling a previously announced joint procurement of NASAMS with Belgium. In its place, Luxembourg announced in ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow 3 Expansion [Germany]
Background In 2023, Germany ordered three Arrow 3 long-range air defence systems from Israel-based IAI to provide an anti-ballistic missile capability. In July 2026, an ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow 3 [Germany]
Background In 2023 Germany ordered three Arrow 3 long-range air defence systems from Israel-based IAI to provide an anti-ballistic missile capability. At $3.89 billion it ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
ASTER / VL MICA Multi-layer [France]
Background The Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation, acting on behalf of France, awarded EUROSAM a contract on April 30th, 2026, for the development of the ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
ASTER / VL MICA Multi-layer (additional) [France]
Background In October 2026, France ordered four additional firing units of the SAMP/T NG air and missile defence system. With this order, the total number of SAMP/T ...
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Maritime patrol
P-8 Poseidon [South Korea]
Programme Background South Korea is facing an imminent submarine threat from North Korea. The Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) is operating an aging fleet of P-3C ...
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Destroyers
DDX Programme (1-2) [Italy]
Background Requirements Destroyers are fundamental to Italy's blue water fleet and will be required to be capable of projecting capability at sea from the sea ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Medium Range Air Defence [Australia]
Background Faced with a growing threat from China and a vast land and sea territory to protect, Australia is seeking to establish a medium-range ground-based ...
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Destroyers
Joint Strike Ship [South Korea]
Programme Background Requirements The third element of South Korea's "Three Axis System" - a complex of measures designed to track, detect, and eliminate an adversary’s ballistic missiles and ...
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Destroyers
Maya Class (27DDG) (1-2) [Japan]
Programme Background The 27DD Maya class destroyers were previously known as the Improved Atago class because they are an addition to the existing two Atago-class destroyers that have entered service. ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Long Range Air Defence [Norway]
Background Following a 2023 report which bluntly stated that the Norwegian military was not ready for war and that particular gaps existed in air defence in ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Cheongung Block II [South Korea]
Background South Korea launched a plan to convert its Cheongung-I systems to the M-SAM Block II configuration. It was announced in July 2025 that it ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Cheongung Block III [South Korea]
Background South Korea's Defense Project Promotion Committee approved the basic strategy for the development of M-SAM Block III (Cheongung Block III). The system will modernise South Korea's ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Major networking projects
Ballistic Missile Defence
In early 2010, NATO acquired the first phase of an initial theatre ballistic missile defence capability to protect alliance forces.
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Submarines: nuclear/ballistic missile
Arktur Next Generation SSBN
At Army 2022 defence exposition, Rubin Design Bureau unveiled the next-generation ballistic missile submarine concept. Known as Arktur, the submarine features a stealth design and ...
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Major networking projects
Missile Defence
In 2010, NATO rolled out an initial capability to protect alliance forces against missile threats and is now examining options for protecting territory and populations. ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
SM-2 Block IV (RIM-156A)
The SM-2 Block IV (RIM-156A) is an extended-range surface-to-air missile developed by the United States Navy for fleet area air defence and terminal phase ballistic ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System
The Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) System, developed by the United States, provides advanced sea-based and land-based protection against ballistic missile threats. Using the AN/SPY-1 ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
9M82M
The 9M82M (NATO reporting name SA-23a 'Giant') is a Russian medium-range, surface-to-air missile designed to destroy tactical ballistic missiles. The development of the 9M82M missile, part of ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow Weapon System
The Arrow air defence system was jointly developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Boeing under the oversight of Israel's Ministry of Defense and the ...
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Frigates
GMF 140
The GMF 140 is a concept frigate designed by Rheinmetall Naval Systems. It is initially being marketed towards North American procurement as a next-generation integrated air ...
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Major networking projects
C2BMC
Command, Control, Battle Management and Communications (C2BMC) is the integrating element of the US Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) for global missile defence. C2BMC links ...
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Sea: naval fire control radar
AN/SPY-1 air search radar
Aegis isan integrated missile guidance system used on USN and allied ships to performanti-air and ballistic missile defence missions. The S-band phased-array AN/SPY-1D(V) radar acquires ...
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Land: air defence radar
AN/TPY-2
The Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance (AN/TPY-2) is an X-band missile defence radar that can detect, classify and track ballistic missiles. It uses an AESA antenna comprising 25.344 T/R ...
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Destroyers
Akizuki Class
The Akizuki-class (19DD) destroyers are escort ships for the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF). They are designed to accompany Japan’s new Hyuga—and Izumo-class helicopter carriers ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
S-300V (SA-12 Gladiator)
The SA-12 Gladiator, part of the S-300V air defence system, is a long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by the Soviet Union in the late ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
L-SAM ABM (Block I)
The L-SAM system's anti-ballistic missile (ABM) interceptor is a three-stage missile designed to neutralize incoming ballistic missiles during their terminal phase. It employs a hit-to-kill ...
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Sea: naval surveillance radar
KRONOS Power Shield
The KRONOS Power Shield is an early warning naval radar manufactured by Leonardo. It is primarily designed for ballistic missile defence and surveillance. The main ...
