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Defence Notes
What capabilities could the US supply to Saudi Arabia under the $142 billion deal?
14th May 2025
Multiple questions involving the largest US Foreign Military Sale in history remain unanswered.
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Air Warfare
Indian defence budget boosted by 9% as MoD heralds a “year of reforms”
7th February 2025
This new budget announcement, which has an increased focus on domestic procurement, comes as international countries arrive ahead of Aero India 2025.
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Land Warfare
Leonardo acquires Iveco Defence in $1.9 billion deal
31st July 2025
The acquisition will help consolidate Leonardo’s position in the European land defence sector, aiding it in efforts to boost its domain “interoperability vision”, according to Leonardo’s CEO.
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Air Warfare
Italy orders two G550 electronic attack aircraft under $300 million deal
22nd July 2025
Known as the EA-37B Compass Call Standoff Jamming aircraft, L3Harris in partnership with BAE Systems was awarded U$300 million to modify the Gulfstream aircraft for Italy.
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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall awarded contract to supply Gepard 35mm ammunition to Ukraine
6th January 2025
Ukraine is operating ex-German Army Gepard air-defence guns donated more than two years ago.
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Air Warfare
Why the F-16 fighter jet remains a force to be reckoned with (updated 2025)
10th February 2025
The Lockheed Martin F-16 fighter jet remains in the limelight more than 40 years after its first flight. Shephard sums up the latest developments and details everything you need to know about the aircraft in 2025.
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Defence Notes
Saudi Arabia eyes large procurement spend as it boosts 2025 defence budget to $78 billion
11th February 2025
The new figure is an increase from US$75.8 billion in 2024 and showcases the country’s focus on its Saudi Vision 2030 to achieve a diversified and sustainable economy, reducing the Kingdom’s dependency on oil.
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: Trials completed for new version of Tridon air defence gun
10th September 2025
Less than two years ago, Sweden’s BAE Systems Bofors announced it was developing a new 40mm short-range air defence system using internal research and development funding, calling it the Tridon Mk2.
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Air Warfare
Norway cleared for possible $2.6 billion HH-60W helicopter FMS
14th July 2025
The possible sale for nine HH-60W by the US government could make Norway the first Foreign Military Sale customer for the rescue and combat helicopter and add to the country’s ongoing acquisition of Sikorsky-made helicopters.
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Air Warfare
Finland secures possible $1.07 billion AMRAAM deal with US State Department
12th September 2025
The Nordic country is set to bolster its defence capabilities after its foreign military sales request for AIM-120D-3 advanced medium-range air-to-air missiles (AMRAAMs) was approved.
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Air Warfare
“Gloves are off” as US Defense Secretary memo calls for sweeping drone procurement reform
14th July 2025
US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth has promised to usher in a new era of “military drone dominance”.
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Naval Warfare
Entire Black Sea “a contested maritime area”, says Commander of Estonian Navy
8th January 2025
The use of uncrewed vessels and vehicles has been crucial so far, but the Commander of the Estonian Navy warns against inflating their importance.
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Air Warfare
Air Warfare Review 2024: Budget cuts and delays fail to dampen modernisation efforts in 2024
10th December 2024
From major platform upgrades, high-value contract wins and programme delays, Shephard reported on a mixed year for air warfare in 2024, as geopolitical tensions rose across Europe and the Middle East.
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Land Warfare
US approves $825 million sale of Stinger Block I missiles to Morocco
17th April 2025
The 600-missiles will be used to expand the Moroccan armed forces’ short range air defence capabilities.
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Uncrewed Vehicles
Jammer resistant drone designs spark search for countermeasures
6th March 2025
The Russia-Ukraine conflict has driven another stage of evolution for drones and the counter measures to defend against them.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Black Hornet 3 (Ukraine Aid) [UK & Norway]
Programme Background Russo-Ukraine War Since Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022, UAVs have proved vital to the country's defence. Consequently, as in this programme, the ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Netherlands]
Programme Background Statement of Intent On 14 June 2024, the Deputy Minister for Strategic Industries Serhiy Boyev, Minister of Defence of Ukraine Rustem Umerov and the Minister ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
ISR Drones (Second Batch) (Ukraine Aid) [Netherlands]
Programme Background First Batch On 20 March 2024, Kajsa Ollongren, Minister of Defence of the Netherlands, announced that, following a 19 March Ukraine Defense Contact ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Latvian Drones (2025) (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG) In January 2024, the Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG), a multi-nation organisation that coordinates military aid for Ukraine, established a ...
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Tanks
Leopard 2A8 [Germany]
Programme Background Germany has operated the domestically produced Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Leopard 2 since its inception in the 1970s. Spanning now eight versions, the Leopard 2A8 is the ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
GA-ASI Drone [Ukraine]
Programme Background MQ-9A Reaper - April 2022 On 13 April 2022, Forbes reported that Ukraine was talking with GA-ASI to acquire the MQ-9A Reaper. Ukrainian officials ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Vector / Scorpion (Contracted) [Ukraine]
Programme Background Previous Orders & Donations On 29 March 2022, the US Embassy in Warsaw announced that Quantum Systems had donated an unknown quantity of ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CV90 [Sweden]
Programme Background As the domestic manufacturer and original operator of the CV90 IFV, Sweden has had a continuous fleet of CV90s in service since the ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 600 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background $300 Million USAI (1 April 2022) On 1 April 2022, the US DoD announced a $300 million military aid package for Ukraine following ...
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Loitering munitions
One-Way Attack Drones (Ukraine Aid) [UK]
Programme Background 2024/2025 Military Aid Package On 12 January 2024, the UK government announced it would provide Ukraine with £2.5 billion ($3.2 billion) in military ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 300 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background Presidential Drawdown (16 March 2022 & 13 April 2022) On 16 March 2022, President Biden announced $800 million in security assistance to Ukraine through ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Latvian Drones (2024) (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Background Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG) In January 2024, the Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG), a multi-nation organisation that coordinates military aid for Ukraine, established a drone ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Norway]
Programme Background September 2024 On 3 September 2024, the Norwegian government announced that "Ukraine will get more drones donated to their frontline, and more air ...
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Fighter - multirole
Combat Fighter Jet [Ireland]
Programme Background In February 2025, the Irish Minister for Defence and Tánaiste Simon Harris highlighted Irelands need to procure a new combat fighter jet to combat ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Soldier Borne Sensor (SBS) (Phase I) [USA]
Programme Background Requirement The Soldier Borne Sensor (SBS) provides short-range day and night ISR to US Army units at the squad, platoon and other small ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Surface-to-air missiles
Akash-NG missile
The Akash-NG (New Generation) missile is an advanced surface-to-air missile system developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) to enhance the country's air ...
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Core systems: cameras and IR detectors
Ophir 26-105mm f/1.6 LWIR continuous zoom
Ophir's plethora of IR optics includes a wide range of long-range zoom lenses for every application. Ophir's budget range has been extended to include a ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Vespa-15
The Vespa-15 is a first-person view (FPV) rotary-wing UAV manufactured by a Ukrainian company. In May 2025, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of Ukraine announced it ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
Kazhan
The E620 Kazhan is a Ukrainian-made rotary-wing attack drone. It is available in hexacopter and quadcopter configurations and can drop 60mm, 82mm, and 120mm mortar shells. ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Black Hornet 3
The Black Hornet 3 is the next generation of the PD-100 Black Hornet, the world's smallest nano-UAS. This new model of the Black Hornet provides ...
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Infrastructure - shelters/accommodation
Alpha/Omega
Alpha and Omega are multipurpose frame tents that require minimal maintenance and can be used in extreme climatic conditions. The Omega is more spacious and ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
CB90
Combatboat (Stridsbåt) 90 (CB90) is a class of small, rapid attack boats designed for raiding and inshore/nearshore coastal protection operations or deploying up to 20 ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - micro
Corvo PPDS
The Corvo Precision Payload Delivery Systems (PPDS) is a micro fixed-wing drone constructed from cardboard. It is a low-cost, single-use drone for delivering supplies and equipment ...
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EO/IR systems
USG-212
Described as a plug-and-play turnkey solution, the USG-212 is an EO/IR camera gimbal from Ukrspecsystems. It appears to be out of production. The gimbal has ...
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Short Range Missile Defence Systems: 0 to 20 km range
MIM-23 Hawk
The MIM-23 HAWK (Homing All the Way Killer) is an American medium-range surface-to-air missile system developed by Raytheon in the 1950s to provide mobile air ...
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Air-to-surface missiles
Storm Shadow/SCALP EG
The Storm Shadow is an air-launched cruise missile developed by France, Italy and the UK. It is known as the Storm Shadow in the UK ...
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Land: air defence radar, Land: battlefield and ground surveillance radar
TRML-4D
The TRML-4D is a multi-functional surveillance and target acquisition radar system developed by Hensoldt. It is the latest C-band (NATO G-band) TRS-4D radar family member, ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
Vampire
The Vampire is a hexacopter drone developed by the Ukrainian company Skyfall. It can carry and drop various types of ammunition on the enemy. In ...
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EO/IR systems
NightHawk2-UZ
The NightHawk2-UZ is a dual EO-IR stabilised camera turret from NextVision designed for long-range observation applications that demand low weight. The 350g sensor's IR camera has a 1280x720p ...
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Self-propelled rocket launchers
HIMARS
Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control developed the M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launcher to provide the US and allied armies with a ...
