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Air Warfare
Why the F-16 fighter jet remains a force to be reckoned with (updated 2026)
28th January 2026
The Lockheed Martin F-16 fighter jet remains in the limelight more than 40 years after its first flight. Shephard sums up the latest developments and details everything you need to know about the aircraft in 2026.
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Land Warfare
Engineering and design mean smaller vehicles can be tank killers but is it a good idea?
29th September 2025
The eulogy for the dedicated tank hunter or buster appears to have been written with most armies putting them out to retirement in the face of alternatives like longer-range missiles or uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). However, arming infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) or armoured personnel carriers (APCs) with medium-range missiles seems to indicate some kind of tank killer is required.
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Land Warfare
World Defense Show 2026: Russia reveals details of new loitering munition
11th February 2026
The Kalashnikov RUS-PE cannister-launched man-portable loitering munition was displayed as a model at World Defense Show 2026 with a company official telling Shephard it was “in service and in low-rate initial production”.
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Air Warfare
2025 UAV market review: $7.8 billion in new contracts signed as US leads spending
17th December 2025
Qatar and Indonesia followed the US’s high spending on new uncrewed aerial vehicle contracts across 2025, while MALE and micro drones and loitering munitions were particularly popular subcategories this year.
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Land Warfare
World Defense Show 2026: Middle East remains focused on US equipment and local industry involvement
10th February 2026
Vehicle procurement in the Middle East continues to target big-ticket main battle tanks, with lighter platform purchases also potentially on the horizon including tactical, infantry fighting and armoured personnel carrier vehicles.
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Defence Notes
Is the US magazine of air defence interceptors deep enough to sustain a long campaign against Iran?
4th March 2026
The Pentagon spent a considerable number of THAAD and SM-3 rounds to defend against Iranian missiles in 2025 and has not fully replenished its reserves.
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Land Warfare
US Army signs for $982 million loitering munition deal as demand rises and industry follows
6th October 2025
The Hero-120 loitering munition has a 4.5 kg multi-purpose warhead designed to engage armoured targets. It is manufactured in the US by Mistral in partnership with Israel’s Uvision.
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Land Warfare
Lithuanian 1st Division to achieve initial operating capability in 2026
9th December 2025
Lithuania is one of the countries stepping up its defences in the face of the war in Ukraine with a particular focus on its neighbour and Russian ally Belarus, which has been making incursions into Lithuania’s airspace with balloons and drones.
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Land Warfare
Eurosatory 2026: Pearson Engineering to send AI mine detecting systems into Ukraine
22nd June 2026
Pearson Engineering’s Threat-Sense system is designed to use imaging from drones to geolocate scattered mines and support uncrewed systems in defeating the threats.
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Air Warfare
2025 air market review: European defence independence, next-gen tech and export concerns dominate
23rd December 2025
This year’s (geo)political turmoil has challenged many long-prevailing assumptions, leading to far-reaching consequences for air forces and their supplier bases in industry worldwide – with five key trends in review for 2025.
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Air Warfare
Anduril marks new milestones with YFQ-44A flight tests as USAF plans further demos
4th March 2026
A production decision on Increment 1 of the CCA Programme is due to be made by the end of the year, with further demonstrations building on F-22 Raptor and MQ-20 Avenger teaming flight tests.
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Air Warfare
MBDA signs Italian Navy Teseo Mk/E missile production contract, unveils HARPAX loitering munitions
2nd October 2025
The Mk/E missile will equip Italy’s FREMM EVO class frigates while MBDA’s Italian arm unveiled two of its new family of loitering munitions to respond to the needs of the Italian Army.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: GDLS showcases an "undetectable" mission command version of the Stryker
14th October 2025
Based on the Stryker A1, the NEXUS vehicle has been engineered to provide reduced signatures across the visual, thermal, acoustic and electromagnetic spectrums.
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Air Warfare
Spain air focus: Demand builds with $19.7 billion up for grabs in unawarded contracts
29th January 2026
Despite Spain’s modest GDP spend on defence, the country still has a range of fixed-wing and UAV programme requirements as yet unawarded, with a potential US$3.10 billion set to be spent over the next decade.
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Air Warfare
Bayraktar TB2: The $4.11 billion market success of a cost-effective MALE UAV
22nd January 2026
The success of the Bayraktar TB2 stems from it fulfilling a niche of providing reasonable capabilities at a low cost, leading to its acquisition by more than 30 countries including many in Africa; but there are reasons to be cautious about its potential future prospects.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 (1-20) [UAE]
Background UAE and Turkish relations Historically, the two nations were not aligned with one another. However, this situation has quickly turned around, with Emeriti's plans ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | Joint Strike Ship [South Korea]
South Korea is reportedly seeking to acquire up to three Joint Strike Ships as part of its "Three Axis System". The Joint Strike Ship (JSS) is ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | Joint Strike Ship [South Korea]
South Korea is reportedly seeking to acquire up to three Joint Strike Ships as part of its "Three Axis System". The Joint Strike Ship (JSS) is ...
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Loitering munitions
Turkish Loitering Munitions [Albania]
Programme Background "Considerable" Speaking on 10 October 2024, Albania's Prime Minister Edi Rama stated that Türkiye would provide Albania with a "considerable" number of loitering munitions. A government ...
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Light attack, Trainer
Hürkuş-C Advanced Armed Trainer (Turkey)
The Hurjet-C development programme funding was included in the Hurkus-B procurement contract awarded by the Turkish Undersecretariat for Defence Industries in December 2013. The Hurjet will ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 (21-120) [UAE]
Programme Background UAE and Turkish relations Historically, the two nations were not aligned with one another. However, this situation has quickly turned around, with Emeriti's ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 [Kuwait]
Background Contract Award On 18 January 2023, Baykar announced signing a $370 million export contract with Kuwait for the Bayraktar TB2. According to the announcement, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Akinci [UAE]
Programme Background Surprise Delivery Baykar, in a statement of its 2024 achievements, stated that it had delivered two Akinci UAVs to the UAE, one in ...
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Loitering munitions
Loitering Munitions (First Batch) [Japan]
Background Appreciation of Loitering Munitions After years of not operating loitering munitions and armed UAVs, Japan’s position towards them has changed. Belatedly, the MoD realised the ...
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Self-propelled rocket launchers
HIMARS [Canada]
Background The Canadian army does not currently operate any MLRS systems. Following the effectiveness of MLRS in Ukraine, many militaries have begun investing in their ...
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Fighter - multirole
JF-17 [Azerbaijan]
Programme Background Requirement In October 2019, Turkish media sources reported that at least two Azeri pilots travelled to Pakistan to receive training in JF-17 aircraft. ...
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Self-propelled rocket launchers
K239 Chunmoo (Batch 2) [Estonia]
Background Estonia currently operates the HIMARS as its primary MRLS. However, in an effort to expand its capabilities, as well as diversify its supply base, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 (Qatar)
Programme Background In 2018 at DIMDEX, it was revealed that Qatar had bought six Bayraktar TB2 UAVs from Turkey. The deal also included three ground control stations, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
MQ-9B SeaGuardian [Morocco]
Background 2020-2030 Morocco-US Agreement In October 2020, officials from the Trump administration visited Morocco, and both nations signed a military and security cooperation agreement. According ...
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Light attack, Trainer
L-39NG Senegal
The aircraft will feature five hard-points, two external fuel tanks with 350 lt capacity, Mk 81 and Mk 82 bombs, guided and unguided rockets, single ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Air: aerial targets, Loitering munitions
Simsek
The Simsek (Şimşek), or Lightning, is a high-speed target drone system that enables autonomous high-speed and low-altitude threat stimulation of aircraft and missiles for air-to-air, ...
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Artillery rockets
TRG-230
TRG-230 is a 230 mm GNSS/INS guided artillery rocket developed by the Turkish ROKETSAN as the medium-range guided artillery rocket for the firm’s universal MLRS ...
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Guided munitions
M-712 Copperhead
The M-712 Copperhead is a 155mm artillery projectile that is guided to its target via a laser guidance system, making it more resistant to electronic ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Aksungur
The Aksungur is a twin-engined MALE UAS manufactured by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) for the Turkish Armed Forces. TAI completed the platform's maiden flight on 20 March ...
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Guided munitions
SMKB (Smart-MK-Bomb)
The Smart-MK-Bomb, or the SMKB, is a precision guidance kit developed by Mectron and designed to turn Mk 82 and Mk 83 bombs into guided munitions.
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Artillery rockets
TRG-300 Block I
TRG-300 is a 300 mm artillery rocket developed by Turkish ROKETSAN, serving as the heavy rocket in the TRG family of guided artillery missiles.
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Akinci
The Akinci is a MALE UCAV manufactured by Baykar. Sometimes known as Uçan Balık, the UAV can be fitted with a range of ISR or ...
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Artillery rockets
TRG/TRLG-122
The TRG-122 is a Turkish 122mm family of guided artillery rockets developed by ROKETSAN for the T-122 Sakarya and other MLRS platforms. The family includes ...
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Air-to-surface missiles, Surface-to-surface missiles
UMTAS/L-UMTAS
Roketsan developed the imaging IR-guided Mızrak-U, also known as the UMTAS (Uzun Menzilli Tanksavar Sistemi, or Long-Range Anti-Tank System), and the laser-guided L-Mızrak-U (L-UMTAS) for ...
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Military helicopters - attack
Multirole Heavy Combat Helicopter
The Multirole Heavy Combat Helicopter is an attack helicopter being developed by Turkish Aerospace to meet the operational requirements of the Turkish Armed Forces, including air-to-ground ...
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Self-propelled mortars
2S34 Chosta
The 2S34 Chosta is an upgraded version of the 122mm 2S1 tracked SPH that replaces the original 2A31 ordnance with the 120mm 2A80-1 mortar-gun, an ...
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EO/IR systems
StormCaster-DX
Unveiled at Modern Day Marine 2022, the Teledyne FLIR StormCaster-DX is a multi-role, low-SWaP laser target designator (LTD) payload designed to affect the STANAG-compliant terminal ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
Ares 150 SAT
The Ares 150 SAT is a tactical patrol and guided-missile fast attack craft designed and developed by the Turkish manufacturer Ares Shipyard. The boats are ...
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Ship-launched torpedoes
Tork
Aselsan TORK is an antitorpedo torpedo developed to destroy acoustic-homing, wire-guided, non-wire-guided, and wake-homing torpedoes launched against surface ships and submarines. It approaches the torpedo ...
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Loitering munitions
Merkut
The Merkut, or Merküt, is a first-person view (FPV) style loitering munition system developed by Titra Teknoloji A.Ş. It features a fragmentation warhead that distributes ...