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Air Warfare
The potential impact of US tariffs on the F-35A
20th October 2025
The Trump administration’s proposed tariffs have raised questions on the desirability and feasibility of the F-35A for key US allies including Canada and Switzerland. With combined orders amounting to 126 units, both nations undertook reviews of their ongoing fighter programmes.
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Air Warfare
Airbus to position Eurofighter Typhoon for Portugal’s F-16 replacement requirement
28th October 2025
The MoU with AED Cluster Portugal will see the two organisations work together on studies to create a pitch to replace the country’s current F-16 fleet.
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Defence Notes
Industrial capacity under scrutiny as US approves further $8.6 billion Middle East arms sale
7th May 2026
The fast-tracked emergency approvals come as the conflict in the Middle East stretches out into its third month, after Iranian attacks depleted US allies’ missile stockpiles and testing air defence systems.
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Land Warfare
World Defense Show 2026: Russia reveals details of new loitering munition
11th February 2026
The Kalashnikov RUS-PE cannister-launched man-portable loitering munition was displayed as a model at World Defense Show 2026 with a company official telling Shephard it was “in service and in low-rate initial production”.
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Land Warfare
Romania intensifies search for more tanks and could look beyond Abrams
23rd January 2026
Since signing a contract to purchase 54 M1A2 Abrams tanks last year, Romania has been looking into options to buy more tanks, but it could cast the net wider than Abrams with funding considerations potentially set to shape the outcome.
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Naval Warfare
US Coast Guard’s small response boat demonstrators to be delivered in three months
15th January 2026
The platforms will be tested in multiple missions to define performance requirements for a coming acquisition programme.
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Air Warfare
UK MoD awards investment for full production of RAF’s Eurofighter Typhoon radar upgrade
23rd January 2026
The contract deal will enable the production and integration of the Eurofighter Typhoon’s new Eurofighter Common Radar System Mk 2 on part of the UK Royal Air Force’s fleet.
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Air Warfare
Baykar’s Kizilelma drone makes progress with first air-to-air kill
1st December 2025
This test is the latest milestone achieved by the indigenous drone, destroying a target using a beyond-visual-range missile.
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Defence Notes
Venezuela prepares personnel and equipment for a potential second US attack
6th January 2026
Defence Minister Gen Vladimir Padrino López has declared that the Venezuelan armed forces “will continue to employ all its available capabilities for military defence”.
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Air Warfare
Franco-German alliance aims to resolve FCAS woes by end of April as dispute rolls on
1st April 2026
The disagreement between French-German industry continues as both governments work to keep the programme alive and on track to develop and deliver a sixth-generation fighter jet.
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Air Warfare
“Fifth-gen capability without the cost”: how autonomous strike can change the face of air warfare
13th July 2026
In Conversation… Armor Harris, Senior Vice President for Aircraft at Shield AI, talks to Shephard’s Gerrard Cowan about why cost-effective autonomous aircraft are a game-changer for air forces worldwide, and the key roles played by VTOL and AI as enabling technologies.
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Air Warfare
Lockheed Martin secures $12.5 billion Lot 18-19 F-35 production contract
30th September 2025
The contract modification will cover production for the F-35 aircraft for the US Air Force, US Marine Corps and US Navy and include foreign military sales customers and programme partners.
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Land Warfare
Land forces review: Tanks, trucks and IFVs dominate but woes remain for Ajax
29th January 2026
This year has begun with main battle tanks taking the lead while orders for large logistics and support vehicles continued from last year. Additionally, two of the British Army’s most significant contracted vehicle programmes, Ajax reconnaissance vehicle and Challenger 3 tank, continued to make news in January.
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Land Warfare
DroneShield signs agreements and US contract in the face of surging demand
30th June 2026
DroneShield has been at the forefront of CUAS capability despite being founded only 12 years ago. The company’s early move into the counter-drone arena has put it on the crest of the rapidly expanding technology field.
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Air Warfare
Embraer’s C-390 Millennium and Saab’s Gripen E complete air-to-air refuelling test campaign
14th November 2025
The certification strengthens the ongoing collaboration between Saab and Embraer and bolsters the interoperability of the two aircraft.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Light attack, Trainer
F-5E/F ADVERSARY TRAINER [USA]
Programme Background The F-5N is a single seat, dual engine supersonic land based fighter. It is designed for a service life of 9000 flight hours. ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-15EX (2025-2026) [USA]
Methodology Units required Based off the FY2027 USAF budget request, between FY2025 and FY2026, the U.S. Air Force received funding for 40 F-15EX platforms. Congress ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | F-16 Replacement [Portugal]
On 12 April 2024, General João Cartaxo Alves, the Chief of Staff of the Portugese Air Force, revealed that Portugal would replace its fleet of F-16A/B ...
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Data links
Data links | F-16 Replacement [Portugal]
On 12 April 2024, General João Cartaxo Alves, the Chief of Staff of the Portugese Air Force, revealed that Portugal would replace its fleet of F-16A/B ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
Air: Helmet-mounted displays | F-16 Replacement [Portugal]
On 12 April 2024, General João Cartaxo Alves, the Chief of Staff of the Portugese Air Force, revealed that Portugal would replace its fleet of F-16A/B ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | F-16 Replacement [Portugal]
On 12 April 2024, General João Cartaxo Alves, the Chief of Staff of the Portugese Air Force, revealed that Portugal would replace its fleet of F-16A/B ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | F-16 Replacement [Portugal]
On 12 April 2024, General João Cartaxo Alves, the Chief of Staff of the Portugese Air Force, revealed that Portugal would replace its fleet of F-16A/B ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-16 Replacement [Portugal]
Programme Background At the Portuguese National Defense Conference on April 22, 2025, General João Cartaxo Alves reaffirmed that the F-35A remains the sole viable successor ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-47 [Israel]
Background 2026 RFI In August 2026, Israel issued a request for information (RFI) to the United States regarding the secretive Boeing F-47 sixth-generation fighter programme. The ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-47 Penetrating Counter Air (PCA) [USA]
Background Requirement Originally conceived as a replacement for the F-22, the PCA was designed to counter various air threats, including integrated air defence systems and ...
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Fighter - multirole
Next Generation Fighter Aircraft (Vietnam)
Programme Background Requirement The Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) operates an ageing fleet of Su-22 aircraft as well as Su-27s and Su-30s. According to expert commentary, ...
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Light attack, Trainer
Hawk Mk 165 Advanced Jet Trainer- Saudi Arabia
Background Requirement The Hawk Mk 165 fleet will be used to train Saudi pilots before they transition to the Eurofighter Typhoon and F-15 in service with RSAF. Under ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-16V [Türkiye]
Programme Background Requirement Turkish Air Force ordered 100 F-35A aircraft as a partner nation, however, the country was removed from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter programme ...
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Fighter - multirole
H-X Fighter Programme [Finland]
Programme Background In June 2020, Finnish MoD announced that the Hornet fleet life extension programme is neither cost-effective solution nor sufficient in terms of Finland’s ...
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Fighter - multirole
Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) [Japan]
Programme Background Shephard notes that GCAP's Japanese, British and Italian components are tracked in separate entries. Programme Timeline 2020: The Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency of Japan issued ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Air: air combat simulators
Air Combat Training
Boeing has experience in delivering training for fixed-wing air combat platforms including F-15C/E, F-16, F/A-18E/F, EA-18G, F-22 and MV/CV-22.
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Fighter - air superiority
F-22A Raptor
F-22A Raptor is a fifth-generation stealth air superiority fighter with air-to-ground attack capability. It was developed by Lockheed Martin to meet the requirement of the USAF ...
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Air: air combat simulators
Collective Training
Boeing has delivered and operates three USAF F-15C Mission Training Centers (MTCs), three F-15E MTCs and three F-16 MTCs. The F-22 platform was added into ...
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Subsystems: hardware
Flight Simulation Products
Bugeye Technologies (BT) manufactures simulated-grade flight grips, controls and avionic displays for fixed-wing, rotary-wing and unmanned crafts. BT's full line of products includes replicated control ...
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Air: air combat simulators
DACTS
The DRS Air Combat Training System (DACTS) has been delivered to military customers worldwide. Customised versions have supported coalition training for the US government and ...
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-77
The AN/APG-77 is a low-probability-of-intercept fire control radar for the F-22 Raptor. It is designed to significantly improve capability in air-to-air combat, allowing the pilot ...
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Air: chaff/flare/decoy systems
IRCM Flares
Kilgore develops and manufactures a range of airborne IR decoy flares. These are compatible with most available dispenser systems. Standard flare products manufactured include: MJU-7A/B, ...
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-81
AN/APG-81 is operating in the X-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radar designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems for the F-35 “Lightning” all-weather ...
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Air: Integrated Defensive Systems
AN/ALR-94
BAE Systems’ AN/ALR-94 electronic countermeasures (ECM) system forms a key part of the self-protection suite of the US Air Force’s Lockheed Martin F-22A Raptor combat ...
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EW test systems
CRIIS
The Common Range Integrated Instrumentation System (CRIIS) provides time, space and position information (TSPI) as well as systems evaluation data to support testing for a ...
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-83 SABR
The AN/APG-83 Scalable Agile Beam Radar (SABR) is an active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radar being developed by Northrop Grumman using its own ...
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Data links
Multifunction Advanced Data Link
Multifunction Advanced Data Link (MADL) is a Ku-band data link designed for fifth-generation aircraft. The directional, interflight system is integrated into all F-35 variants, allowing ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
25mm PGU-48/B
The 25mm PGU-48/B is a medium-calibre armour-penetrating round manufactured by American Rheinmetall. The US Air Force uses the PGU-48/B with its F-35 aircraft.
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Fixed wing aircraft engines
F100-PW-229
The F100 family of engines, selected by 23 air forces globally, power all of the USAF's F-15 Eagles and a substantial proportion of the global ...
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Air: chaff/flare/decoy systems
AN/ALE-52
BAE Systems’ AN/ALE-52 countermeasures dispensing system was developed for the United States Air Force Lockheed Martin F-22A Raptor air superiority fighter. The AN/ALE-52 can launch ...