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Air Warfare
Opinion: East meets West on Tempest
9th January 2023
The announcement that Japan will join Italy and the UK in developing the Future Combat Air System indicates a new era of industry cooperation.
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Air Warfare
US Air Force F-35s exploit crowd-sourced approach for operational flight data
29th November 2022
The Quick Reaction Instrumentation Package installed on frontline USAF F-35 fighter jets enables levels of data-gathering normally only found on dedicated test aircraft.
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Defence Notes
Why China's surveillance balloon is more intriguing than alarming
3rd February 2023
While capturing headlines, the intelligence-collection capabilities of the Chinese balloon currently floating over the US are likely limited.
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Defence Notes
US FY2023 defence budget emphasises investments in modernisation and procurements
23rd December 2022
US Congress approved a bill nearly $3.4 billion higher than the amount requested by the Pentagon.
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Land Warfare
Spanish Army concludes qualification tests of the Castor armoured engineering vehicle
30th December 2022
The programme enters now serial production with the delivery of 35 platforms scheduled for 2023 and 2024.
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Land Warfare
How the US plans to regain Latin American defence markets from Russia and China
7th February 2023
Currently, 13 Latin American states operate Russian military hardware,, while 12 are equipped with Chinese weapon systems.
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Land Warfare
Claims of Iranian radar's F-35 detection capability remain unsubstantiated
22nd November 2022
The upgraded version of Iran's Bavar 373 air defence system is claimed to have an increased detection- and engagement range – but not enough to catch an F-35.
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Naval Warfare
Pakistan Navy continues renewal of submarine fleet
26th January 2023
While it awaits new Chinese-designed diesel-electric submarines, the Pakistan Navy continues its modernisation of older Agosta 90B boats.
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Air Warfare
Norway signs for AMRAAM-D missiles to equip F-35 fleet
17th November 2022
Norway has signed a $500 million dollar agreement for procurement of Raytheon AMRAAM-D missiles to equip its F-35 fighter jet fleet.
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Defence Notes
‘Balloongate’ lays bare Chinese hypocrisy over military surveillance (Opinion)
13th February 2023
China pretends that it does not spy on others. The recent balloon saga showed up that it not only conducts surveillance of multiple countries, but that it is willing to violate their airspace to do so.
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Land Warfare
Ukraine left waiting for German consent to Leopard tank deliveries
20th January 2023
The newly appointed German Minister of Defence was unable to provide details on whether the country would approve the donation of Polish Leopard 2A4s to Kyiv or when this decision would be taken.
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Air Warfare
TF-X fighter prototype moves to final assembly but still no final decision on jet engine
24th November 2022
The prototype of the Turkish fifth-generation fighter jet TF-X is set to fly by 2025, but there are challenges Ankara needs to overcome before production can take off at scale.
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Air Warfare
Korea's KF-21 fighter makes progress but Indonesian involvement still in arrears
6th January 2023
The third prototype of the KF-21 Boramae fighter jet has flown, and supersonic flight will be achieved in Q1 2023. However, the timescale for Indonesia honouring its financial commitments to the programme remains unclear.
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Naval Warfare
Nuclear submarine programme takes step forward with hull unit move
15th December 2022
The Dreadnought-class SSBNs will be the largest submarines ever built for the Royal Navy. Each boat will be capable of housing eight to 12 Trident II D5 missiles.
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Training
Challenger and Leopard tanks come with potential pitfalls for Ukraine
19th January 2023
British and German main battle tank models could make a difference to Ukraine's combat capabilities if provided in sufficient numbers, but training on and integration of the vehicles may cause headaches for Kyiv.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Denmark]
Programme Background Denmark joined the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program in 2002 during the System Development and Demonstration phase and has influenced technical elements ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Turkey]
Background Programme involvement Turkish involvement in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter programme began in the early 2000s, with the country's participation beginning in the concept demonstration ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A Japan
In 2019, Japan requested to be an official partner in the F-35 programme, but this request was rejected by the Pentagon. The F-35 Joint Strike ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (61-75) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirement In 2009, the Italian MoD planned to purchase 131 F-35 aircraft, which was later reduced to 90. According to the MoD documentation, ...
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Fighter - multirole
Tornado Replacement (F-35A) [Germany]
Background Requirement In March 2020, it emerged that the German government was considering 30 F/A-18E/F Super Hornets to replace 45 nuclear-capable Tornados. The remaining 40 Tornados ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B (31-40) [Italy]
Background Requirement In 2009, the Italian MoD planned to purchase 131 F-35 aircraft, which was later reduced to 90. According to the MoD documentation, 131 ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35 [Morocco]
Background Acquisition motivation Morocco has been in negotiations with the US since 2020 over the potential acquisition of an F-35 fleet, which would make the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35I Adir (1-50) [Israel]
Background F-35I modifications The F-35I Adir is an F-35A Lightning II variant customised to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces to replace the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A Japan Follow On
The F-35 full-rate production is expected to be further delayed following an October 2020 US DoD announcement that postponed the simulation tests, originally planned for 2017 ...
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Fighter - multirole
Fighter Aircraft [United Arab Emirates]
Bids and suppliers Lockheed MartinOn 10 November 2020, the US State Department announced that it has approved a possible FMS of 50 F-35As to UAE ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B [UK]
Programme Background The total cost of the currently funded programme as reported through the UK Major Projects Report is expected to be £10.5 billion ($13.5 ...
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Fighter - multirole
JAS-39C/D Gripen replacement [Czech Republic]
Background Requirements The Czech Republic Air Force operates 14 Gripens (12 JAS 39C and two JAS 39D variants) under a lease agreement that runs until ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B (1-30) [Italy]
The 2019 and 2020 budget contained significant funding for the F-35 programme: €690 million ($775 million) in 2019 and €859 million ($962 million) in 2020, ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-16 Replacement [Portugal]
Programme Background At the Portuguese National Defense Conference on April 22, 2025, General João Cartaxo Alves reaffirmed that the F-35A remains the sole viable successor ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (1-60) [Italy]
Background Requirement The total requirement for the first round of funded platforms was 90 F-35 - 30 F-35B and 60 F-35A. The original plan committed ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
F-35I Adir
The F-35I Adir is an F-35A Lightning II variant customised to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces to replace the F-16 fleet in ...
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
JSM
The Joint Strike Missile (JSM) is a multi-role version of the Naval Strike Missile. Norway funded the programme to develop and produce the JSM for the ...
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EO/IR systems
F-35 Lightning II Advanced EOTS
The F-35 Lightning II Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS) is a sensor that combines targeting forward-looking IR (FLIR) and IR search and track (IRST) capabilities for ...
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Fixed wing aircraft engines
F135
The F135, designed and developed by Pratt & Whitney, is one of the most advanced fighter engines in the world that delivers more than 40,000lb ...
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Fighter - multirole, Fighter - naval
F-35B
The F-35B Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) capability. The USMC is the main customer for the F-35B, ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
F-35 Gen III HMDS
The F-35 Gen III helmet-mounted display system (HMDS) is provided by a joint venture between Elbit Systems of America and Rockwell Collins, developed for the F-35 ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A
The F-35A Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with CTOL capabilities. It is a multinational programme led by the US DoD, bringing together ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
25mm PGU-48/B
The 25mm PGU-48/B is a medium-calibre armour-penetrating round manufactured by American Rheinmetall. The US Air Force uses the PGU-48/B with its F-35 aircraft.
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-81
AN/APG-81 is operating in the X-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radar designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems for the F-35 “Lightning” all-weather ...
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Fighter - multirole, Fighter - naval
F-35C
The F-35C Lightning II, also known as the F-35 carrier variant (CV), is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft in carrier configuration. It has larger wings and ...
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Air: Displays
Panoramic Cockpit Display
Developed by L3Harris and Elbit Systems America, the Panoramic Cockpit Display (PCD) is a touchscreen MFD integrated into F-35 aircraft. It provides two electronically divided ...
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Air: fixed-wing flight simulators
F-35 Training System
BAE Systems is involved in F-35 Lightning II Training System design and sustainment, working with prime contractor Lockheed Martin. BAE Systems leads the instructional systems ...
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Transport/tanker aircraft
KC-130J Super Hercules
The KC-130J Super Hercules is a tanker variant of the C-130J Super Hercules. It is designed to deliver fuel to several platforms, including helicopters and ...
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Fixed wing aircraft engines
F414-GE-400
The F414-GE-400 is a turbofan engine manufactured by GE Aviation and has various advanced technology features such as a Full Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC), ...
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Guided munitions
GBU-53/B StormBreaker
GBU-53/B StormBreaker is a precision-guided glide bomb developed by Raytheon to equip F-15, F/A-18 and F-35. It is also known as the Small Diameter Bomb II. The StormBreaker includes a ...