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Air Warfare
Australia starts upgrade programme for P-8A Poseidon fleet
30th October 2025
The upgrades will work to strengthen the country’s maritime surveillance and anti-submarine capabilities, with one more aircraft due to be delivered by 2026.
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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall signs $521 million agreement for ammunition as it plans factory in Latvia
30th September 2025
Rheinmetall has been increasing its production capacity since 2022 and aims to be able to produce up to 1.5 million 155mm artillery shells annually by 2027.
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Land Warfare
Lockheed picks Australian site for GMLRS support and possible missile manufacture
20th August 2025
A final decision on the siting of an Australian Weapons Manufacturing Complex (AMWC), which will produce all-up GMLRS (Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System) rounds, will be made by the Australian Department of Defence (DoD).
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Naval Warfare
Can the West keep up with China’s “XXL” uncrewed submarines?
12th January 2026
The UK, the US and Australia have all been working on “extra-large” uncrewed underwater vehicles, but China’s reported development of a significantly larger capability demonstrates the country’s rapid advancement in underwater warfare.
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: MBDA introduces NLOS Akeron 120 MBT missile
9th September 2025
The no-line-of-sight (NLOS) missile is MBDA’s latest ammunition offering for main battle tanks (MBTs), with the company foreseeing an entry to market date window for Akeron within the next two years.
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Naval Warfare
AUKUS Pillar 2 could narrow focus to “four key areas” says UK official
2nd December 2025
Few concrete ideas have emerged so far on which “advanced capabilities” will be brought forward under Pillar 2 of the AUKUS partnership, but the Pentagon’s review of the programme could bring more clarity.
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Defence Notes
Canada set to look away from its neighbour and across the Atlantic for partners
5th December 2025
While non-EU UK struggles to join the Security Action for Europe initiative, which provides loans for defence programmes, Canada has become the first country outside Europe to get access – and did so for a nominal fee.
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Naval Warfare
AUKUS update: Australian sovereignty is “paramount” as Trump declares “full steam ahead”
22nd October 2025
AUKUS has been under the spotlight this week as US President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese had their first face-to-face meeting.
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Land Warfare
Portugal set to join Boxer team as it progresses its army transformation
22nd January 2026
The Portuguese Army is undergoing an overhaul of its platforms with the latest move towards Boxer 8x8 vehicles marking a major step in reforming and modernising its brigades.
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Land Warfare
Serbia looks to balance lighter platforms and heavier calibres
9th January 2026
Even small tactical vehicles can benefit from more powerful offensive and defensive armament, but as recent developments at Yugoimport demonstrate, there are still limitations to the sophistication of what can be fielded.
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Land Warfare
Spain to invest billions of dollars on howitzers and other vehicles as it looks to select new tanks
16th July 2025
The Spanish Government has outlined plans to purchase communications and cybersecurity capabilities but most notably amphibious combat vehicles, self-propelled howitzers (SPHs), bridge-laying vehicles and an effort to replace its tanks from 2040.
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Air Warfare
April air forces review: Next-gen platform push ties in with fleet modernisation plans
29th April 2026
Countries releasing their spending budgets over the past month have placed an emphasis on advancing next-generation crewed programmes as well as upgrades and expansion plans for air combat and aerial refuelling capabilities.
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Land Warfare
US Army pursues 600 ISV-Hs to boost mobility and sustainment for manoeuvre brigades
20th April 2026
The ISV-H is likely to feature commercial solutions and advanced technologies while providing mobility, transportability and onboard and exportable power to support tactical operations.
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Land Warfare
Croatia orders Leopards and CAESAR howitzers as Lithuania orders more CAESARs
12th December 2025
The Leopard is becoming the tank of choice in central and eastern Europe as Croatia joins Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Hungary in ordering the platform. Lithuania and Croatia have also signed for CAESAR howitzers.
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Land Warfare
2025 land market review: British Army woes, European heavy armour and US MBT progress
18th December 2025
The last year has seen several major procurements in the land market. Shephard’s Dr Peter Magill reviews the main trends and themes in land procurement of 2025.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
Land 400 Phase 3 (Logistics, Ammunition Carrier and Mortar Carrier Variants) [Australia]
Programme Background The Australian DoD released the initial RfI for the Land 400 Phase 3 programme in November 2015. Following consultations with local industry, the ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
Land 400 Phase 3 (Amphibious Vehicles) [Australia]
Programme Background The Australian DoD released the initial RfI for the Land 400 Phase 3 programme in November 2015. Following consultations with local industry, the ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Drone40 (Ukraine Aid) [Australia]
Programme Background In August 2022, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), a think tank, held a podcast with Ukraine's ambassador to Australia, Vasyl Myroshnychenko, in which ...
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Main battle tanks
M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams [Poland]
Programme Background Requirement Since the early 2010s Poland wanted to upgrade its Soviet-era tank fleet due to modernisation requirements, the need to increase interoperability with NATO ...
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Landing craft and hovercraft
Littoral Manoeuvre Vessel - Medium (Project Land 8710 Phase 1A) [Australia]
Programme Background Requirements Australia has set out requirements for a fleet of up to 18 Littoral Manoeuvre Vessels - Medium (LMV-M) with the release of ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Land 400 Phase 2 - Boxer CRV [Australia]
Programme Background History The Land 400 Phase 2 programme will procure a replacement for the ASLAV, a derivative of the General Dynamics Land Systems Light Armoured Vehicle ...
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Main battle tanks
Leopard 2A4 [Czech Republic]
Programme Background The Czech Republic currently operates a small fleet of T-72s, which, while undergoing upgrades and life extension programmes, are increasingly obsolete. In October ...
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Main battle tanks
Viatura Blindada de Combate-Carro de Combate (VBC-CC) [Brazil]
Programme Background Several key technical requirements have been outlined by the Brazilian MoD. Among the most important are that the platform should weigh less than ...
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Submarines: nuclear/attack
Second Hand SSNs [Australia]
Programme Background Timeline In September 2021, it was announced in a trilateral announcement between Australia, the US and the UK that Australia, in a shock ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | AUKUS-SSNs (1-5) [Australia]
In September 2021, it was announced in a trilateral announcement between Australia, the US and the UK that Australia, in a shock move, will not ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | AUKUS-SSNs (1-5) [Australia]
In September 2021, it was announced in a trilateral announcement between Australia, the US and the UK that Australia, in a shock move, will not ...
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Self-propelled rocket launchers
HIMARS (Batch 2) [Australia]
Programme background Prior to selecting HIMARS in January 2023, Australia did not operate an MLRS system. However, the effectiveness of Ukrainian HIMARS convinced the Australian government ...
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Military - USVs
Bluebottle USV (16-55) [Australia]
Programme Background Timeline The RAN purchased a number of the 6.8m-long Bluebottles, including five under an A$4.9 million ($3.3 million) contract signed in November 2022. ...
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Medium UGVs
Mission Master (RPV Sprial 2) [UK]
Programme Background First announced in April 2017 and referred to in early MOD documents as the ‘last mile resupply’ initiative, the British Army is reportedly ...
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Main battle tanks
M1A1 Abrams (Ukraine Aid) [Australia]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Australia has been amongst the various Western allies providing Ukraine with military aid. Prior ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Crew-served assault/anti-tank weapons
Carl-Gustaf M3
The Carl-Gustaf M3 is the third generation of the 84mm shoulder-fired recoilless antitank gun, first fielded by the Swedish Army in 1946. Since then, it ...
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
120mm KE DM63 / DM53 A1 Tank Ammunition
The 120mm kinetic energy tank ammunition is manufactured by Rheinmetall. There are several variations of the ammunition, including the DM63, which can be fired from ...
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
120MM HEAT-TP F1A
Franco-German KNDS-Nexter produce the 120mm High-Explosive Anti-Tank Training-Purpose F1A (HEAT-TP F1A) round to enable reduced-cost training for Main Battle Tank crews.
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
120mm PELE Tank Ammunition
The 120mm Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Effect (PELE) tank ammunition is an inert round produced by Rheinmetall. It is suitable for use against semi-hard targets ...
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Main battle tanks
M1/M1A1 Abrams
The 105mm-armed M1 Abrams tracked MBT was introduced into US Army service in 1980 as a replacement for the 105mm-armed M60 MBT. In April 1991, ...
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S-64 Helitanker Fire-fighting Equipment
Erickson's 10,031l tank for the S-64 helitanker drops water, retardant or foam mix at a rate of around 95l/h. Microprocessor-controlled tank doors offer eight individual ...
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Light mortars
60mm Mortar Ammunition
US-based LD Systems' 60mm Mortar ammunition fulfils the NATO standard for lightweight mortar ammunition.
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Naval: RF/IR/acoustic decoys
Nulka
The Nulka is an active anti-ship missile decoy originally conceived in Australia, and developed under a joint Australian-US programme. BAE Systems Australia is prime contractor, while ...
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Crew-served assault/anti-tank weapons
120mm L55A1
The 120mm L55A1 is a smoothbore high-pressure gun based on the L55 tank gun. The L55A1 has been qualified and in service since 2019. It ...
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Crew-served assault/anti-tank weapons
120mm L55 Tank Gun
The 120mm L55 is a smoothbore tank gun produced by Rheinmetall. It is designed for use on the Leopard main battle tank, to which it ...
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
M1147 Advanced Multi-Purpose (AMP)
The M1147 Advanced Multi-Purpose (AMP) is a 120mm tank round developed by Northrop Grumman Defence Systems. Various customers, including Bahrain, Israel, and the US, use the tank ...
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Main battle tanks
M1A2 SEPv3
The M1A2 System Enhancement Package 3 (M1A2 SEPv3, also known as M1A2C) is the latest production-standard variant of the Abrams MBT. Designed primarily to address ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
Next Generation Combat Vehicle Ammunition
The Next Generation Combat Vehicle Ammunition (NGVA) is a family of ammunition being developed by the US Army's Armaments Center and manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems ...
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Submarines: nuclear/attack
SSN AUKUS
The SSN-AUKUS will be the submarine design resulting from the AUKUS trilateral pact between Australia, the US and the UK. Expected to incorporate technology from ...
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Land: tactical engagement simulators
CVTESS
Saab's Combat Vehicle Tactical Engagement Simulation System (CVTESS) is a laser-based simulator which supports every version of the Abrams Main Battle Tank and the Bradley ...
