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Land Warfare
India fantasises about a new indigenous FRCV tank
20th June 2023
The Indian Army is dreaming big about its FRCV, but such visions often evaporate when subjected to India's protracted red tape.
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Naval Warfare
Indonesia commissions next KCR-60M missile boats and constructs new OPVs
9th June 2023
Indonesian is building two OPVs, and two additional missile boats were recently commissioned as well.
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Defence Notes
US to increase funds for artificial intelligence capabilities in FY2024
11th August 2023
Senate Committee on Appropriations recently proposed allocating $281 million above the Pentagon’s budget request to advance the use of AI.
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Air Warfare
Saudi Arabia's bid to join GCAP: divisions, financial clout and geopolitical stakes
17th August 2023
Saudi Arabia could only bring money to GCAP at this stage as it has 'no aircraft industry, let alone a technological base, so involving [it] as a prime partner generates considerable risk and potential delays', experts tell Shephard.
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Land Warfare
Ukraine awaits Brazilian approval to purchase 450 Guarani armoured vehicles
23rd May 2023
Kyiv is primarily interested in the ambulance variant of the platform, with vehicles planned to be deployed by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.
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Air Warfare
Netherlands receives first MQ-9A Reaper UAS
16th August 2023
The first Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) General Atomics MQ-9A Block 5 Reaper UAS has arrived at the Leeuwarden air base in the north of the country.
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Air Warfare
Chinese air power – analysing the bigger picture
14th September 2023
Admitted by the US to be a ‘pacing threat’, the development of Chinese air power will continue to be a core measure of Beijing’s military capability.
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Naval Warfare
IMDEX 2023: Mogami-class frigate calls on Singapore
3rd May 2023
The Japanese Mogami class has made its first overseas appearance at a defence exhibition with JS Kumano at IMDEX 2023.
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Air Warfare
Japan receives its full complement of Global Hawks
4th July 2023
All three of Japan's Global Hawk HALE UAVs have now come home to roost in the Asian nation.
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Naval Warfare
Can a new operational profile fix Canada's submarine problem?
20th September 2023
The four Victoria-class diesel-electric attack submarines (SSKs) of the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) are in the midst of an evolution into a new operations and maintenance regime. Shephard investigates whether this will solve the navy's recurring issues with having only one boat (or even none) operational for long periods.
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Defence Helicopter
Czech Republic receives first AH-1Z Viper helicopters
18th August 2023
The Czech Republic has taken delivery of its first AH-1Z Vipers as part of a partnership with the USMC H-1 Light/Attack Helicopter programme.
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Air Warfare
South Africa upgrades ageing C-130s for a second time
16th August 2023
Marshall Aerospace has secured a contract to perform two modifications and extensive servicing on the South African Air Force’s (SAAF) 1960s-vintage C-130 fleet, as well as supporting subsequent in-country modification work.
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Air Warfare
Honeywell urges Pratt & Whitney to share F-35 engine data or risk costly maintenance and reduced reliability
21st September 2023
'We're getting into a zone where [the engine and the cooling] are going to be out of phase with each other... which means you're going to have to take the [F-35] jet down twice for overhaul and replacement of systems,' Honeywell official tells Shephard.
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Digital Battlespace
Northrop Grumman achieves design milestone for US Pacific missile tracking
5th June 2023
The company's Relay Ground Station-Asia for the US Naval Information Warfare Center, to be stationed in Guam, has passed its preliminary design review.
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Land Warfare
New Zealand receives first Bushmaster protected vehicles
28th May 2023
New Zealand has 43 Bushmaster vehicles from Australia on order, comprised of five different variants.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
L-SAM-II Prototype [South Korea]
Background In June 2025, it was announced that South Korea had awarded a $144 million contract with Hanwha Aerospace to develop a prototype for the L-SAM-II high-altitude surface-to-air missile ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
HQ-19 [Pakistan]
Background In 2025, Pakistan ordered an unknown number of HQ-19 long-range air defence systems to counter ballistic missile attack. The HQ-19 is a Chinese system developed ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Long Range Air Defence [Luxembourg]
Background In August 2026, Luxembourg announced that it was cancelling a previously announced joint procurement of NASAMS with Belgium. In its place, Luxembourg announced in ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow 3 Expansion [Germany]
Background In 2023, Germany ordered three Arrow 3 long-range air defence systems from Israel-based IAI to provide an anti-ballistic missile capability. In July 2026, an ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow 3 [Germany]
Background In 2023 Germany ordered three Arrow 3 long-range air defence systems from Israel-based IAI to provide an anti-ballistic missile capability. At $3.89 billion it ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
ASTER / VL MICA Multi-layer [France]
Background The Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation, acting on behalf of France, awarded EUROSAM a contract on April 30th, 2026, for the development of the ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
ASTER / VL MICA Multi-layer (additional) [France]
Background In October 2026, France ordered four additional firing units of the SAMP/T NG air and missile defence system. With this order, the total number of SAMP/T ...
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Maritime patrol
P-8 Poseidon [South Korea]
Programme Background South Korea is facing an imminent submarine threat from North Korea. The Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) is operating an aging fleet of P-3C ...
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Destroyers
DDX Programme (1-2) [Italy]
Background Requirements Destroyers are fundamental to Italy's blue water fleet and will be required to be capable of projecting capability at sea from the sea ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Medium Range Air Defence [Australia]
Background Faced with a growing threat from China and a vast land and sea territory to protect, Australia is seeking to establish a medium-range ground-based ...
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Destroyers
Joint Strike Ship [South Korea]
Programme Background Requirements The third element of South Korea's "Three Axis System" - a complex of measures designed to track, detect, and eliminate an adversary’s ballistic missiles and ...
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Destroyers
Maya Class (27DDG) (1-2) [Japan]
Programme Background The 27DD Maya class destroyers were previously known as the Improved Atago class because they are an addition to the existing two Atago-class destroyers that have entered service. ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Long Range Air Defence [Norway]
Background Following a 2023 report which bluntly stated that the Norwegian military was not ready for war and that particular gaps existed in air defence in ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Cheongung Block II [South Korea]
Background South Korea launched a plan to convert its Cheongung-I systems to the M-SAM Block II configuration. It was announced in July 2025 that it ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Cheongung Block III [South Korea]
Background South Korea's Defense Project Promotion Committee approved the basic strategy for the development of M-SAM Block III (Cheongung Block III). The system will modernise South Korea's ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Major networking projects
Ballistic Missile Defence
In early 2010, NATO acquired the first phase of an initial theatre ballistic missile defence capability to protect alliance forces.
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Submarines: nuclear/ballistic missile
Arktur Next Generation SSBN
At Army 2022 defence exposition, Rubin Design Bureau unveiled the next-generation ballistic missile submarine concept. Known as Arktur, the submarine features a stealth design and ...
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Major networking projects
Missile Defence
In 2010, NATO rolled out an initial capability to protect alliance forces against missile threats and is now examining options for protecting territory and populations. ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
SM-2 Block IV (RIM-156A)
The SM-2 Block IV (RIM-156A) is an extended-range surface-to-air missile developed by the United States Navy for fleet area air defence and terminal phase ballistic ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System
The Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) System, developed by the United States, provides advanced sea-based and land-based protection against ballistic missile threats. Using the AN/SPY-1 ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
9M82M
The 9M82M (NATO reporting name SA-23a 'Giant') is a Russian medium-range, surface-to-air missile designed to destroy tactical ballistic missiles. The development of the 9M82M missile, part of ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow Weapon System
The Arrow air defence system was jointly developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Boeing under the oversight of Israel's Ministry of Defense and the ...
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Frigates
GMF 140
The GMF 140 is a concept frigate designed by Rheinmetall Naval Systems. It is initially being marketed towards North American procurement as a next-generation integrated air ...
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Major networking projects
C2BMC
Command, Control, Battle Management and Communications (C2BMC) is the integrating element of the US Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) for global missile defence. C2BMC links ...
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Sea: naval fire control radar
AN/SPY-1 air search radar
Aegis isan integrated missile guidance system used on USN and allied ships to performanti-air and ballistic missile defence missions. The S-band phased-array AN/SPY-1D(V) radar acquires ...
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Land: air defence radar
AN/TPY-2
The Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance (AN/TPY-2) is an X-band missile defence radar that can detect, classify and track ballistic missiles. It uses an AESA antenna comprising 25.344 T/R ...
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Destroyers
Akizuki Class
The Akizuki-class (19DD) destroyers are escort ships for the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF). They are designed to accompany Japan’s new Hyuga—and Izumo-class helicopter carriers ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
S-300V (SA-12 Gladiator)
The SA-12 Gladiator, part of the S-300V air defence system, is a long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by the Soviet Union in the late ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
L-SAM ABM (Block I)
The L-SAM system's anti-ballistic missile (ABM) interceptor is a three-stage missile designed to neutralize incoming ballistic missiles during their terminal phase. It employs a hit-to-kill ...
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Sea: naval surveillance radar
KRONOS Power Shield
The KRONOS Power Shield is an early warning naval radar manufactured by Leonardo. It is primarily designed for ballistic missile defence and surveillance. The main ...
