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Naval Warfare
Maritime defence in the Mediterranean faces challenges from vulnerable land power
24th December 2025
As an indispensable energy crossroads, the Mediterranean is at serious risk from grey zone disruption. As navies increasingly employ AI data centres, what happens when cutting-edge defence technologies rely on the very infrastructure most susceptible to hybrid tactics?
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Air Warfare
Poland confirms US$3.8 billion F-16V upgrade
14th August 2025
The Mid-Life Upgrade agreement comes as Poland makes significant increases in its defence spend as its plans to increase it to 5% of GDP by 2026.
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Defence Notes
US military foresees growing use of 3D printing
13th November 2025
Advanced manufacturing has evolved to meet military requirements and now supports multiple US critical assets, including Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, F-18, F-22, F-35, Bradley, HMMWV and Patriot.
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Air Warfare
Airbus to position Eurofighter Typhoon for Portugal’s F-16 replacement requirement
28th October 2025
The MoU with AED Cluster Portugal will see the two organisations work together on studies to create a pitch to replace the country’s current F-16 fleet.
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Air Warfare
Iran war exposes the limits of US military mass
1st September 2026
As the Straits of Hormuz continue to witness military action of various types, what does this mean for combat air and air defence planners in the region and beyond?
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Air Warfare
Taiwan to receive first MQ-9B drones by 2026
10th November 2025
The delivery will include the first two of four MQ-9B aircraft to be received by the country, after the order was extended in 2024.
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Air Warfare
Why is the US Air Force refuelling tanker fleet under scrutiny?
16th June 2026
In a recent report, the GAO warns that delays, availability issues and operational pressure could create gaps in the USAF refuelling inventory while the branch transitions to the KC-46 Pegasus.
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Air Warfare
How the US Air Force plans to use data analytics to enhance the roles of airmen and assets
27th November 2025
The USAF has allocated nearly US$500 million to further the deployment of this type of technology in FY2026. It envisions using analytics to enhance sensors, weapons, missiles and human performance.
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Naval Warfare
Australia signs US$2.8 billion ship deal with Austal but puts pressure on company to deliver
20th February 2026
The A$4 billion Landing Craft Heavy contract for Austal follows on from a A$1 billion deal in December for Landing Craft Medium ships, but the Australian government has made it clear that a contract for Mogami frigates is reliant on the success of these two contracts.
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Land Warfare
UK agrees parallel development and production process for British Army Challenger 3
23rd January 2026
In a bid to accelerate delivery of the British Army’s Challenger 3 main battle tank, which has just carried out its first crewed firings with the latest Rheinmetall 120mm L55A1 smoothbore gun, the UK has opted for an unconventional approach.
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Air Warfare
National Audit Office report highlights major delays in UK’s F-35 programme
11th July 2025
The report discloses that while the capability provided by the F-35 is superior to previous UK aircraft, delays from the UK Ministry of Defence on the programme have significantly impacted the country’s warfighting capabilities.
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Land Warfare
AUSA 2025: BAE Systems delivers more than 500 AMPVs to the US Army
17th October 2025
The US Army requires 2,907 Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicles to replace its M113 family, and there are multiple versions in production.
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Naval Warfare
What new technologies could be involved in UK Atlantic Bastion initiative?
9th December 2025
As new details emerge on the UK Royal Navy’s plan to secure the North Atlantic for the UK and NATO, three main areas of opportunity for new technology are the focal point.
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Air Warfare
MQ-28A Ghost Bat: Australia’s drone charts the future of loyal wingman UAVs
6th October 2025
Boeing Australia’s MQ-28A Ghost Bat stands as the oldest “loyal wingman” currently in development, with potential European opportunity on the horizon for the uncrewed aerial vehicle.
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Naval Warfare
Thales’ new Sonar 76Nano could equip UK Royal Navy on anti-submarine warfare missions
15th December 2025
The new sonar is designed to equip uncrewed underwater vessels, with the potential to be used by the Royal Navy for its Atlantic Bastion and Atlantic Net missions.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - MALE
XQ-58A Valkyrie [USMC]
Programme Background Contract Award On 30 December 2022, the US DoD announced that it had awarded Kratos Unmanned Aerial Systems a $15.52 million cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to ...
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Fighter - multirole
JAS-39C/D Gripen replacement [Czech Republic]
Background Requirements The Czech Republic Air Force operates 14 Gripens (12 JAS 39C and two JAS 39D variants) under a lease agreement that runs until ...
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Fighter - multirole
Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) [Japan]
Programme Background Shephard notes that GCAP's Japanese, British and Italian components are tracked in separate entries. Programme Timeline 2020: The Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency of Japan issued ...
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Fighter - multirole
Typhoon Tranche 3A [Saudi Arabia]
Background Timeline In June 2018, Saudi Arabia agreed to procure 48 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole fighter aircraft from BAE. However, Germany's defence export ban to Saudi ...
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Fighter - multirole
Kaan additional units [Turkey]
Background Requirement Geopolitical factors have spurred aircraft development in Türkiye. With its removal from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter project following the Russian S-400 air ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Turkey]
Background Programme involvement Turkish involvement in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter programme began in the early 2000s, with the country's participation beginning in the concept demonstration ...
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Fighter - multirole
Eurofighter new build fleet [Turkey]
Background Requirement The Turkish Air Force has operated two main fighter platforms, the F-16 and F-4, for several decades. As older F-16 airframes and F-4s ...
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Fighter - multirole
TF-X Kaan Next Generation Fighter [Turkey]
Background Requirement Geopolitical factors have spurred aircraft development in Türkiye. With its removal from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter project following the Russian S-400 air ...
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Trainer
Hawk 127 Replacement (Future Lead-In Fighter Training System- Project Air 6002 PH1) [Australia]
Programme Background Requirements The RAAF is seeking a future solution that provides a ‘relevant, adaptable, affordable and safe LIFTS out to 2050’ for training pilots ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A [Denmark]
Programme Background Denmark joined the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program in 2002 during the System Development and Demonstration phase and has influenced technical elements ...
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Fighter - multirole
Project Halcon I [Spain]
Programme Background The Spanish Air Force began requirements assessments, although potential suppliers including Boeing (F/A-18E/F), Lockheed Martin (F-35), Airbus-BAE-Leonardo (Eurofighter Typhoon) are already engaged with ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-18 Replacement Phase II/Project Halcon II [Spain]
Programme Background The Spanish Air Force began requirements assessments, although potential suppliers, including Boeing (F/A-18E/F), Lockheed Martin (F-35), and Airbus-BAE-Leonardo (Eurofighter Typhoon), are already engaged ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A Japan
In 2019, Japan requested to be an official partner in the F-35 programme, but this request was rejected by the Pentagon. The F-35 Joint Strike ...
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Fighter - naval
F-35B (1-30) [Italy]
The 2019 and 2020 budget contained significant funding for the F-35 programme: €690 million ($775 million) in 2019 and €859 million ($962 million) in 2020, ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A (61-75) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirement In 2009, the Italian MoD planned to purchase 131 F-35 aircraft, which was later reduced to 90. According to the MoD documentation, ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Air: fixed-wing flight simulators
F-35 Training System
BAE Systems is involved in F-35 Lightning II Training System design and sustainment, working with prime contractor Lockheed Martin. BAE Systems leads the instructional systems ...
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Air: Defensive Systems - Radar Warning Receivers, EW test systems
Model 527
The Model 527 radar signal simulator is used for end-of-runway and walk-around radiated RWR testing to verify the operational status of the aircraft and its ...
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Air: Electronic Attack - Jamming, Air: chaff/flare/decoy systems
AN/ALE-55 FOTD
The ALE-55 Fibre Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD) is a high-powered electronic off-board countermeasure that works with an aircraft’s onboard EW equipment to defeat radiofrequency (RF) threats. It ...
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Air-to-surface missiles
SPEAR-EW
The SPEAR-EW missile, developed by MBDA in collaboration with Leonardo, is an air-to-surface weapon designed to perform Suppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD) missions. This ...
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EW test systems
A2PATS
Advanced Architecture Phase Amplitude and Time Simulator (A2PATS) is a real-time EM test environment simulator for military platforms and installed systems, designed to deliver mission ...
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Military UAS - HALE
HAPS / PHASA-35
The High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS) is a solar-electric Persistent High Altitude Solar Aircraft (PHASA-35). Produced by BAE Systems and Prismatic, the platform is designed to provide a persistent, ...
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Air: AEW/fire control radar
AN/APG-81
AN/APG-81 is operating in the X-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radar designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems for the F-35 “Lightning” all-weather ...
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Fighter - multirole
MiG-35
The MiG-35 (NATO reporting name Fulcrum F) is a multirole fighter, the latest variant of the MiG-29 Fulcrum fighter family. The production of the MiG-35 ...
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EO/IR systems
F-35 Lightning II Advanced EOTS
The F-35 Lightning II Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS) is a sensor that combines targeting forward-looking IR (FLIR) and IR search and track (IRST) capabilities for ...
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Fighter - multirole, Fighter - naval
F-35B
The F-35B Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) capability. The USMC is the main customer for the F-35B, ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35I Adir
The F-35I Adir is an F-35A Lightning II variant customised to meet the requirements of the Israel Defense Forces to replace the F-16 fleet in ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
F-35 Gen III HMDS
The F-35 Gen III helmet-mounted display system (HMDS) is provided by a joint venture between Elbit Systems of America and Rockwell Collins, developed for the F-35 ...
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Air: Integrated Defensive Systems
AN/ALQ-178V(5)+
The AN/ALQ-178(5)+ is an internally mounted self-protection system designed and developed by Aselsan and BAE Systems for the Turkish F-16C fighter aircraft. The system comprises ...
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
JSM
The Joint Strike Missile (JSM) is a multi-role version of the Naval Strike Missile. Norway funded the programme to develop and produce the JSM for the ...
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Fighter - multirole
F-35A
The F-35A Lightning II is a fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft with CTOL capabilities. It is a multinational programme led by the US DoD, bringing together ...
