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Defence Notes
Romanians put pro-Russian candidate into presidential runoff even as the government spends west
26th November 2024
Romania joined NATO more than two decades ago and the country is vital to the alliance’s geographic reach and its ability to supply Ukraine with weapons.
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Uncrewed Vehicles
Strategic overview: The Ukraine conflict’s robotic armies
12th September 2024
Kiev and Moscow have been competing over who can better harness the ongoing revolution in military affairs caused by AI-controlled and human-operated robots and drones.
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Land Warfare
UK fires Archer for first time in live-fire exercise
22nd November 2024
Exercise Dynamic Front 25 is part of a series of NATO exercises that will run until 26 November.
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Air Warfare
UAVs for Ukraine: Europe is willing to spend
4th March 2025
Despite President Donald Trump’s suspension of military aid to Ukraine, Shephard Defence Insight data suggests that in relation to UAVs, Europe and its non-US NATO allies are more than willing to fill any spending vacuum and are already contributing more than twice as much as the US.
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Land Warfare
Romania opens the chequebook and reorganises as it watches Russian aggression
22nd November 2024
Romania is retiring old systems, some Soviet, and replacing them with western equipment from countries such as Sweden and Turkey and boosting existing modern fleets.
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Land Warfare
BAE Systems takes another step towards restarting M777 howitzer production
16th April 2025
The M777 155mm lightweight howitzer is in service with more than six countries and has been heavily used in Ukraine. The latest contract is part of an effort to restart the manufacture of M777 towed howitzers.
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Land Warfare
UK commits $2 billion to Ukraine for missiles as Europe speaks up
3rd March 2025
The contract builds on a previous contract with Thales which was signed in September 2024 for 650 missiles. Deliveries of these began in late 2024 and the new contract ensures continued supply.
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Uncrewed Vehicles
Belarus fighter jet shoots down Russian drone
30th August 2024
The confrontation followed a history of untroubled fly-throughs by similar drones en route to Ukraine.
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Air Warfare
Anduril to supply loitering munitions to Ukraine with UK funding
7th March 2025
Since July 2024, the UK Government has provided more than £5.26 billion in support to Ukraine, including £3 billion in annual military aid and a £2.26 billion loan for defence spending. The latest deal will see Anduril supply Altius-600M and Altius-700M loitering munitions.
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Air Warfare
Norway ups defence spend for Ukraine including $50 million for drones
26th February 2025
Norway previously committed to spend NOK700 million on drones for Ukraine as part of a multinational effort in January 2025, as the latter country enters the third year-anniversary of the full-scale invasion of Russian forces.
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Defence Notes
What does the US decision to pause Ukraine support mean for the war and the stock markets?
4th March 2025
NATO and other Western countries had been singing from the same song sheet since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia three years ago but the alliance has been weakened as the new US administration under President Donald Trump pauses military aid to Ukraine.
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Naval Warfare
NATO Allies share maritime mine-clearing techniques to combat a growing international menace
25th September 2024
The US and many other countries came together to share mine-clearing protocols at Exercise Sea Breeze in the Black Sea, aiming to make navigation pathways safer.
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Land Warfare
Land Warfare Preview 2025: Questions remain in a time of change
19th December 2024
The land war in Ukraine has dominated the posture, spending and actions of Russia and NATO countries for two years. With a new US Government committed to ending the conflict early in 2025, there are implications on all three of those fronts.
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Land Warfare
Pearson Engineering remote mine-clearance system ploughs on
10th April 2025
The Weevil system is built around the Beacon remote control and a Pearson mine-plough. It is being evaluated on a British Army Warrior infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) but could be used for other platforms.
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Land Warfare
Arthur radars and more Archer howitzers committed to Ukraine by Sweden
14th March 2025
Ukraine has highlighted the need for howitzers and radars as well as artillery and this commitment from Sweden will help to fill that gap and provide medium-distance fire in a defensive role post-war.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Akinci [Ukraine]
Programme Background Two Export Contracts In January 2022, the Daily Sabah reported that Baykar had "recently" signed its first export contract for the Akinci. Haluk Bayraktar ...
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Tanks
T-90S (Saudi Arabia)
Programme Background. The status of the Saudi Arabian T-90 deal is unclear, it is possible that these tanks may be purchased to replace stocks of ...
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Loitering munitions
ZT-180 [Russia]
Programme Background Claims On 23 February 2023, DER SPIEGEL reported that, according to information it had gathered, China and Russia were negotiating the purchase of 100 ZT-180 ...
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Loitering munitions
Shahed-136 [Russia]
Programme Background Iran's Involvement On 11 July 2022, according to US intelligence, Jake Sullivan, US National Security Advisor, announced during a statement that the Iranian ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Vector / Scorpion (Selected) [Ukraine]
Programme Background 500 Systems Since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, Quantum-Systems has provided many drones to Ukraine. Over 400 units have been provided as aid ...
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Military helicopters - transport/heavy lift
Heavy Lift Helicopter [Philippines]
Programme Background Procurement from Russia In November 2021, Philippine Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana confirmed that a contract had been signed to acquire 16 Mi-171 heavy ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
SkyRanger R70 (Ukraine Aid) [Canada]
Programme Background On 19 February 2024, the Canadian Defence Minister, Bill Blair, announced that the country would donate more than 800 SkyRanger R70 UAVs to ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
T-150 (Ukraine Aid) [UK]
Programme Background Virtual Address On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. On 3 May 2022, the UK's Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, virtually addressed the Ukrainian ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Black Hornet 3 (Ukraine Aid) [UK & Norway]
Programme Background Russo-Ukraine War Since Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022, UAVs have proved vital to the country's defence. Consequently, as in this programme, the ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Quantix Recon (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background April Meeting In mid-April, just shy of two months after Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February, the Ambassador and the Defence Attaché at the Embassy of Ukraine met ...
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Tanks
Leopard 2A8 [Germany]
Programme Background Germany has operated the domestically produced Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Leopard 2 since its inception in the 1970s. Spanning now eight versions, the Leopard 2A8 is the ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | E-7 Wedgetail - UK (Second Order)
The UK MoD signed a £1.51 billion ($1.98 billion) deal to purchase five E-7 Wedgetail aircraft from Boeing for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in ...
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Data links
Data links | E-7 Wedgetail - UK (Second Order)
The UK MoD signed a £1.51 billion ($1.98 billion) deal to purchase five E-7 Wedgetail aircraft from Boeing for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | E-7 Wedgetail - UK (Second Order)
The UK MoD signed a £1.51 billion ($1.98 billion) deal to purchase five E-7 Wedgetail aircraft from Boeing for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | E-7 Wedgetail - UK (Second Order)
The UK MoD signed a £1.51 billion ($1.98 billion) deal to purchase five E-7 Wedgetail aircraft from Boeing for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Tanks
T-80UD
The 125mm-armed T-80UD MBT is a variant of the T-80 which was in production in Ukraine when the Soviet Union broke up in 1991. An ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Supercam S350/S350F
The Supercam S350/S350F is a mini fixed-wing that Supercam Unmanned Systems Group manufactures. The Russian UAV features a modular design and has been primarily designed ...
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Loitering munitions
AQV 100 Scalpel
The AQV 100 Scalpel, or AQV-100, is a low-cost loitering munition manufactured by One Way Aerospace. The drone is operated using a first-person view and ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Mini 2
The Mini 2 is a micro rotary-wing drone from DJI. It features a 3-axis gimbaled 12MP camera for photographs and 4k/30fps for video capture. Shephard believes ...
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Transport
An-140
The An-140 is a light turboprop military transport aircraft developed from the An-140 regional airliner, which first flew in September 1997. It is designed to ...
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Air: sonar systems
VGS-3
The VGS-3 is a dipping sonar for the Ka-27/Ka-28 helicopter developed by the State Enterprise Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Hydrodevices.
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Orlan-10/10E
Developed by the Russia-based Special Technology Center, the Orlan-10 is a medium-range UAS with many variants, such as the 10E, an export version introduced in 2017. The ...
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Loitering munitions
Shahed-136
The Shahed-136 is an Iranian loitering munition. The aircraft has a delta-wing configuration and is launched through a Rocket-Assist Take-off (RATO) method. Russia operates the platform and ...
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Fighter - ground attack
Su-25
The Su-25 (NATO reporting name Frogfoot) is a single-seat ground attack aircraft developed for close combat air support missions. Production of the Su-25 began in ...
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Land: coastal surveillance radars
Predel-E
The Predel-E is a coastal surveillance radar produced by Russian manufacturer Concern Morinformsystem-Agat JSC. The system is intended as an over-the-horizon surveillance system, designed to ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Matrice 300 RTK
The Matrice 300 RTK is a rotary-wing UAV manufactured by DJI. Despite being primarily aimed at industrial applications, militaries utilise it for ISR tasks. In ...
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Artillery rockets
9M55
9M55 is a family of 300 mm artillery rockets developed for the BM-30 Uragan MLRS developed by the USSR.
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Fighter - air superiority
MiG-29
The MiG-29 (NATO reporting name Fulcrum) is an air superiority fighter aircraft designed to engage air targets in any weather, day and night. The production ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
SURA HMTDS
SURA is a helmet-mounted display system produced in Ukraine. Notably, it offers off-boresight acquisition capability to pilots and can cue the aircraft's sensor systems using ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Orion / Orion-E
The Orion, sometimes called the Inokhodets, is the first Russian-manufactured MALE UAV that has been designed to carry out a wide variety of military surveillance applications. Russia has ...