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Land Warfare
Leopard MBT: Alpha beast gets a reboot (updated 2025)
6th March 2025
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. This article traces the history and development of the Leopard 1 and 2, its variants, its operational service and its future prospects.
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Air Warfare
Taurus KEPD 350E missile sees upgrade for German armed forces
4th April 2025
Taurus Systems, a joint venture between MBDA Germany and Saab, was awarded a $161 million 10-year contract in January 2025 to modernise the Taurus 350 missile.
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Naval Warfare
Saab relaunches third upgraded Gotland-class submarine
14th February 2025
More than 20 of the central systems in HMS Halland were replaced as part of the upgrade, including sensors and command systems.
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Naval Warfare
Singapore to add two more submarines to fleet as it hikes defence spending
3rd March 2025
Singapore’s army and navy look set to benefit from increases in the country’s defence budget, with submarines and IFVs on the shopping list.
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Naval Warfare
NAVDEX 2025: First of UAE Navy’s four Falaj-3 OPVs commissioned
21st February 2025
The vessels were first discussed a full ten years before the commissioning ceremony, and three more are due within the next three years.
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Land Warfare
Australia embraces quantum technology for precise navigation and targeting
15th April 2025
A new project is aiming to deliver a ground-to-satellite optical quantum link, which would allow much more precise battle planning.
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Land Warfare
Canada lines up over-the-horizon radar purchase from Australia
7th April 2025
Ottawa is planning to procure a version of Australia’s Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN), which gives an over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) capability reaching approximately 3,000km for detection of air and sea targets.
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Land Warfare
GDLS to unveil SHORAD variant of Pandur APC
21st March 2025
The company sees the new model as a potential solution for the US Army's M-SHORAD Inc 4.
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Land Warfare
IDEX 2025: Does this up-armoured T-90 tank mean Russia has learnt Ukraine war lessons?
18th February 2025
After significant losses of the T-90 main battle tank (MBT) in the Ukraine conflict, Russia's UralVagonZavod has developed and tested a series of upgrades to enhance the survivability of the platform, with the result on display in Abu Dhabi this week.
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Naval Warfare
Taiwan multiplies mine-layer vessel and UAV inventories to deter PLA
25th April 2025
Taiwan is strengthening its deterrence against the PLA through an asymmetric arsenal that includes fast mine-laying vessels and domestically developed UAVs.
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Defence Notes
Collins MAPS Gen II to equip US DoD watercraft
19th March 2025
US services have already conducted multiple tests with military maritime systems fitted with the system.
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Naval Warfare
Denmark commits to three new Arctic vessels in light of Trump’s Greenland comments
29th January 2025
The vessels have been a necessity for years, but now Denmark is planning a stronger Arctic presence.
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Land Warfare
What do Russia or Ukraine need to win the war?
28th February 2025
Shephard looks at both the doctrine and equipment perspective and considers what both countries would require in order to ensure victory.
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Air Warfare
Airbus to further work on France’s A321XLR maritime patrol aircraft programme
5th February 2025
The two-year contract on the A321 militarised maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) will look to risk-assess the programme ahead of its development phase in 2026.
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Air Warfare
IDEX 2025: GIDS aims to set the loitering munition market ablaze
19th February 2025
At IDEX 2025, Global Industrial Defence Solutions (GIDS) unveiled the Blaze family of loitering munitions: the Blaze-25, Blaze-50 and Blaze-75.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Third Batch]
Programme Background The Polish Army selected the Rosomak 8x8 armoured vehicle (a version of Patria's Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) 8x8 produced under licence by Rosomak) ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Fourth Batch]
Programme Background The Polish Army selected the Rosomak 8x8 armoured vehicle (a version of Patria's Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) 8x8 produced under licence by Rosomak) ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Sixth Batch]
Programme Background The Polish Army selected the Rosomak 8x8 armoured vehicle (a version of Patria's Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) 8x8 produced under licence by Rosomak) ...
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Frigates
Frigates Procurement Programme [Saudi Arabia]
Programme Background Requirements The Royal Saudi Navy urges to enhance its combat capabilities and to replace older vessels. Riyadh has recently embarked on major naval ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Fifth Batch]
Programme Background The Polish Army selected the Rosomak 8x8 armoured vehicle (a version of Patria's Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) 8x8 produced under licence by Rosomak) ...
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Submarines: conventional/attack
Submarines Procurement Programme [Saudi Arabia]
Programme Background Requirements The Royal Saudi Naval Forces (RSNF) is in the process of a fleet transformation plan which, so far, has seen the procurement ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | Al Jawf Class Replacement [Saudi Arabia]
The Royal Saudi Navy urges the replacement of three Al Jawf-class minehunters, which Shephard forecasts will leave service by the end of the decade. At WDS ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | Al Jawf Class Replacement [Saudi Arabia]
The Royal Saudi Navy urges the replacement of three Al Jawf-class minehunters, which Shephard forecasts will leave service by the end of the decade. At WDS ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Shield AI UAVs [Saudi Arabia]
Background Reported Talks Reporting from the World Defence Show (WDS) 2026, the Middle East Eye (MEE) noted that, according to two sources, Saudi Arabia was ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
Boraida Class Replacement [Saudi Arabia]
Programme Background Requirements The Royal Saudi Navy urges the replacement of three Boraida-class minehunters. Based on the Durance-class design, the ships entered service in the ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Akinci [Saudi Arabia]
Programme Background Erdogan Visit On 17 July 2023, President Tayyip Erdogan arrived in Jeddah for the first stop of his Gulf tour. The following day, ...
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Minehunters
Al Jawf Class Replacement [Saudi Arabia]
Programme Background Requirements The Royal Saudi Navy urges the replacement of three Al Jawf-class minehunters. Based on the Sandown-class design, the ships entered service in the ...
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Loitering munitions
Deep-strike, low-cost, loitering munition [India]
Background Effectiveness of the capability Following the launch of Operation Epic Fury on 28 February 2026, which marked the beginning of the 2026 Iran war, ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Second Batch]
Programme Background Requirement The Polish Army selected Patria's XC-360 Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) to meet its requirement for a new 8x8 armoured vehicle to replace ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Delta [Nigeria]
Programme Background 2022 Defence Here, a Turkish-based defence website, reported that a Nigerian Air Force delegation visited Fly BVLOS's facilities in July 2022. Since then, ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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MPVs - 4x4
Rhino
The Rhino is a 4x4 MPV designed by ST Engineering and debuted globally at WDS 2026 in Riyadh.
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EO/IR systems
PT-8N
The PT-8D is an IR system from Overwatch Imaging. It is fitted with multiple HD thermal cameras and has been designed to conduct missions at dusk ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Samoom
Unveiled at the World Defence Show 2022, the Samoon is a Saudi Arabian UCAV manufactured by Intra Defence Technologies. It is powered by Belgian ULPower Aero ...
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EO/IR systems
PT-8D
Marketed as a cost-effective solution, the PT-8D is a wide-area search and ISR payload from Overwatch Imaging. It features an RGB colour camera and a ...
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EO/IR systems
PT-8DN
The PT-8DN is a versatile day-night payload from Overwatch Imaging. It has dual RGB sensors of different focal lengths and an HD LWIR sensor. It also ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Autonomous Collaborative Platform (ACP)
In July 2022, BAE Systems revealed two UAV concepts, one later being branded Concept 2, or the Autonomous Collaborative Platform (ACP), at DSEI 2023. Signage near ...
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Guided munitions
Sabir
The Sabir 155mm artillery-guided ammunition, presented by KNDS France at WDS 2024, is a locally produced precision munition aligned with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. The ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Milkor 380
The Milkor 380 is a MALE UCAV with extensive mission payloads for Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) and precision strike missions. This range of payloads can be attached ...
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Air: helicopter radar, Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar, Air: UAS radar
ELM-2022
The ELM-2022, developed by IAI ELTA, is a maritime patrol radar family operating in the X-band designed for manned and unmanned, fixed- or rotary-wing airborne platforms. It is engineered for ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
BTR-22
The BTR-22 is the latest member of Russia’s BTR family, first unveiled at WDS 2026. Developed by Rostec it is intended to draw upon combat ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
Milkor Commander
At WDS 2024, Milkor UAE unveiled a new 16m patrol craft named Commander. Milkor revealed that more of the Commander’s capabilities will be showcased during ...
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Air: aerial targets, Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
SRC 100 Razor
Unveiled at the World Defence Show 2026, the SRC 100 Razor is a fixed-wing UAV designed for ISR and aerial target missions. It is fully autonomous, ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Pars Alpha 8x8
Unveiled at the World Defense Show 2024 in Riyadh, the Pars Alpha is the latest 8x8 Armoured Vehicle from Turkish manufacturer FNSS. Featuring improvements on ...
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MPVs - 4x4
VBMR-L Serval
In February 2018, France's DGA defence procurement agency selected Nexter, in partnership with Texelis, to develop and produce the 4x4 Lightweight Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle (VBMR-L) lightweight ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Karayel
Karayel is a fixed-wing UAV designed for ISTAR and attack applications. It provides users with autonomous end-to-end surveillance, reconnaissance, and tactical and combat capabilities. Initially developed by ...
