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Land Warfare
Leopard MBT: Alpha beast gets a reboot (updated 2025)
6th March 2025
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. This article traces the history and development of the Leopard 1 and 2, its variants, its operational service and its future prospects.
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Naval Warfare
Euroatlas brings Greyshark AUV to Asia for its maiden visit
9th May 2025
Euroatlas displayed its Greyshark autonomous underwater vehicle outside Europe for the first time, highlighting variant specifications and development progress at IMDEX 2025.
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Land Warfare
US Army receives first RCV-Light platforms
23rd August 2024
The US Army will now start the testing phase of RCV bidders in the Aberdeen Proving Ground.
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Land Warfare
IDEX 2025: Rafael increases missile and drone defence capability as threats and demands rise
21st February 2025
Rafael president and CEO Yoav Tourgeman, speaking to Shephard at IDEX 2025, has outlined how the company is pushing through air defence programmes in the face of attacks on Israel from rockets, missiles and drones on multiple fronts.
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Naval Warfare
Second rMCM vessel begins sea trials, advances autonomous minesweeping
1st April 2025
The rMCM programme will ultimately comprise of 12 vessels, six each working for the Belgian and the Royal Netherlands Navy.
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Naval Warfare
The Netherlands cleared to purchase $2.2 billion in Tomahawk missiles
28th April 2025
The approved purchase is for Tomahawk Block IV and Block V missiles, control systems, telemetry missiles and communication and broadcast systems.
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Land Warfare
European Common Armoured Vehicle System picks up speed
16th August 2024
The Common Armoured Vehicle System (CAVS) programme is replacing vehicle types for three countries with Germany also considering it.
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Land Warfare
Avalon 2025: Hanwha signs engine deal with Penske for Redback IFVs
1st April 2025
Penske Australia will also carry out local assembly and testing of Allison X1100 series cross-drive transmission under licence using kits supplied by South Korea's SNT Dynamics.
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Naval Warfare
Canada awards Seaspan a construction contract for the first Coast Guard’s Polar Icebreaker
10th March 2025
CCGS Arpatuuq will be the first heavy cold weather vessel entirely built in Canada.
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Defence Notes
UK defence budget increased to 2.5% by 2027 as geopolitical landscape darkens
25th February 2025
UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer raises defence spending, while both NATO and President Trump demand significant further increases.
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Air Warfare
Turkey’s Baykar strengthens European links with Leonardo and Piaggio Aerospace deals
3rd February 2025
Recent collaborations with Italian aerospace and defence firms have bolstered Baykar’s links throughout Europe and strengthened its credibility as an important player on the continental stage.
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Land Warfare
EMOC 120mm lightweight mortar system targeted at British Army requirement
10th March 2025
EMOC can be fitted with an 81mm or a 120mm smooth bore barrel and when in the travelling position is horizontal. For firing, it is deployed over the rear arc until the baseplate contacts the ground.
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Land Warfare
IDEX 2025: DroneShield heralds “incredibly strong” start to 2025, as it works to overcome capacity challenges
18th February 2025
The Australian counter-UAS software and hardware provider is looking to significantly increase revenue and scale to match its growing sales footprint with customers across the globe.
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Air Warfare
IDEX 2025: Industry poised to profit from Middle East air forces’ modernisation efforts
14th February 2025
Companies such as the Eurofighter consortium and Embraer, await potential orders from the Middle East, while countries including Saudi Arabia and the UAE work to add mass, modernise and replace ageing aircraft.
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Land Warfare
Estonia takes delivery of six HIMARS
1st May 2025
Estonia has taken delivery of six Lockheed Martin High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) weapons. The delivery comes only a month after Australia received its first system and the company outlined plans to improve missiles fired from the system.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
J-10 [Pakistan]
Programme Background A video clip released by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) disclosed that a deal to acquire the J-10 from China was signed on 25 ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CV90 [Czech Republic]
Programme Background The Czech Republic has been working on modernising its mechanised units at least since 2017, when the country launched its "Tracked IFV" programme ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Boxer IFV (Schakal) [Netherlands]
Programme Background The Boxer is currently in service with both Germany and the Netherlands, having entered service in 2009 and 2013, respectively. In October 2025, ...
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Medium UGVs
Mission Master (RPV Sprial 2) [UK]
Programme Background First announced in April 2017 and referred to in early MOD documents as the ‘last mile resupply’ initiative, the British Army is reportedly ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Boxer IFV (Schakal) [Germany]
Programme Background The Boxer is currently in service with both Germany and the Netherlands, having entered service in 2009 and 2013, respectively. In October 2025, ...
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AEW&C
AEW&C Aircraft [India]
Programme Background India is planning to increase its AEW&C; capabilities with indigenous radar systems. A330 Bid In 2015, the IAF has requested to procure six ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Anka-S (Second Batch) [Turkey]
Programme Background First Batch Based on comments by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) and Turkish media in 2018, Shephard believes that Türkiye acquired 26 Anka-S drones ...
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Main battle tanks
Viatura Blindada de Combate-Carro de Combate (VBC-CC) [Brazil]
Programme Background Several key technical requirements have been outlined by the Brazilian MoD. Among the most important are that the platform should weigh less than ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Boxer (MIV) [UK]
Programme Background History The UK MoD announced in March 2018 that it would re-join the Boxer programme and pursue a sole-source acquisition of the 8x8 ...
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Military UAS - mini
Medium Range Tactical (MRT) [USMC]
Background Request for Information (RFI) In February 2026, the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) issued an RFI for solutions for a Medium Range Tactical (MRT) ...
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UAS: communication systems
UAS: communication systems | RangeHawk (RQ-4 Global Hawk) [US]
Northrop Grumman received a US$325.5 million US Army contract in May 2026 to develop and acquire the RangeHawk HALE UAV, a modified RQ-4 Global Hawk designed ...
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UAS: flight control systems
UAS: flight control systems | RangeHawk (RQ-4 Global Hawk) [US]
Northrop Grumman received a US$325.5 million US Army contract in May 2026 to develop and acquire the RangeHawk HALE UAV, a modified RQ-4 Global Hawk designed ...
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MPVs - 4x4
JLTV [Slovenia - 2nd Batch]
Programme Background Slovenia began its procurement of Oshkosh Defence's JLTV 4x4 armoured vehicle in 2018, although a US government FMS contract was not signed until ...
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Light attack, Trainer
L-39NG Senegal
The aircraft will feature five hard-points, two external fuel tanks with 350 lt capacity, Mk 81 and Mk 82 bombs, guided and unguided rockets, single ...
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Military helicopters - transport/heavy lift
NH90 Special Forces [France]
Programme Background In French service, advanced H225M Caracals with aerial refuelling capabilities are used by SOF units of the French Air Force (FAF) and French ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
CRATOS
The Clip-On Ruggedized Advanced Thermal Optical Sight (CRATOS) is a miniaturised all-in-one thermal weapon sight designed for handheld, clip-on or stand-alone use.
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
HuntIR Mk 2
The HuntIR Mk 2 thermal weapon and reconnaissance sight is designed for clip-on use on mid- and long-range small arms. The standalone weapon sight has ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
XACT th family
The XACT thermal weapon sight product family includes: the XACT th64 short/medium-range weapon-mounted or handheld sight; the XACT th65 clip-on marksman sight; and the XACT ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
CNVD-T
The Clip-On Night Vision Device-Thermal (CNVD-T) is a handheld or weapon-mounted thermal sight based on the military SU-232/PAS.
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
UTCx
The UTCx (Universal Thermal Clip-on) sight is a universal thermal clip-on to existing weapon sights, currently fielded by the US military and supporting long-range sniper ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
AN/PAS-13G(V)1 LWTS
The AN/PAS-13G(V)1 Light Weapon Thermal Sight (LWTS) is a handheld or weapon-mounted thermal sight. The TI capability of the LWTS allows for longwave infrared observation ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
TISI-M
Designed for assault and sharpshooter rifles, SMGs and machine guns, the TISI-M is a lightweight uncooled thermal day and night weapon sight which can be ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
AN/PVS-30
The AN/PVS-30 is a long-range thermal clip-on sniper night sight. The sight is able to extend the range of engagement by up to 1,000m and ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
Lily-L
The Lily-L clip-on thermal sight for long-range sniper weapons can be mounted on a Picatinny rail in front of a day scope. It is designed for ...
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Weapon sights for night use (image intensifiers)
MilSight S135 MUNS
The MilSight S135 Magnum Universal Night Sight (MUNS) AN/PVS-27 is a high-resolution clip-on weapon sight that mounts forward of an existing scope, adding NV capabilities ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
ThermoSight HISS-XLR
The HISS extended long-range (XLR) clip-on thermal weapon sight allows snipers to detect and recognise man-sized targets at up to 2,000m, offering a 25% increase ...
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Individual grenade launchers
UBGL
The single-shot 40mm Under-Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL) can be attached to most modern assault weapons using a MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rail system. The breech is swung ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
MUNSTI
The MUNSTI uncooled thermal imaging clip-on sight is compact and lightweight, designed for use in front of a day optical sight. It is suitable for ...
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Sniper rifles
Dan.338
IWI launched the Dan.338, the first of a new family of bolt-action sniper rifles, at the Eurosatory 2014 exhibition. Chambered for .338 Lapua Mag ammunition, ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
TVC 60
The TVC 60 is a clip-on thermal weapon sight designed to be used in conjunction with a magnified day optic. The shooter relies on the ...