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Naval Warfare
No easy options: Australia's navy faces complex surface fleet choices
14th September 2023
As part of Australia’s Defence Strategic Review (DSR), a report into the Royal Australian Navy’s (RAN’s) future surface fleet force structure was directed to be completed separately. Shephard examines its likely outcomes and how Australia might balance capability with affordability
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Land Warfare
US approves sale of Assault Amphibious Vehicles to Romania
28th July 2023
The US State Department has approved the possible sale of 16 Assault Amphibious Vehicles and related equipment to Romania, enhancing Romania's defence capabilities and the NATO alliance.
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Defence Helicopter
South Korean marines receive final Marineon helicopters
19th July 2023
The ROK Marine Corps now has a full complement of indigenously built MUH-1 Marineon helicopters.
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Air Warfare
Clear skies ahead: Royal Air Force Typhoons to receive advanced radar and EW upgrade
5th July 2023
The ECRS Mk2 radar brings advanced electronic warfare capabilities and potential weapon integration opportunities to the Royal Air Force's multi-mission fighter.
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Air Warfare
Australia seeks sovereignly manufactured general-purpose UAS
4th August 2023
With Australia's military banning the use of commercially available UAS, the ADF is looking for sovereignly designed replacements for general-purpose use.
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Digital Battlespace
Details released of US Navy UGV radio deal
6th July 2023
Persistent Systems will supply 600 MPU5 radios to the USN for installation onto EOD UGVs with deliveries expected to start next year.
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Land Warfare
K9 Self-Propelled Howitzer : Delivering a Capability Growth Pathway: Now; Next; Future.
28th August 2023
At the heart of Hanwha Aerospace’s global success is the innovative way it delivers military capability solutions, with a forward vision around capability sustainment and spiral development
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Digital Battlespace
Controp showcases electro-optical and artificial intelligence tech at IMDEX
3rd May 2023
At IMDEX Asia 2023, Controp showcased advanced electro-optical (EO) and artificial intelligence (AI) technology for maritime, coastal surveillance and counter-UAS applications.
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Land Warfare
As the Ukraine war passes the 18-month mark, how are NATO’s factories meeting the artillery challenge?
18th September 2023
NATO is rapidly increasing its supply of equipment to Ukraine in a number of key areas including tube artillery and, crucially, its ammunition. Shephard analyses how the alliance's members are stepping up to this challenge after years of industrial neglect.
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Naval Warfare
Second Royal Navy Type 26 frigate sees the light
26th June 2023
Part of the second of the UK RN’s future City-class Type 26 frigates, HMS Cardiff, has emerged from the build hall at BAE Systems Govan site in Glasgow, Scotland.
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Naval Warfare
Japan proceeds with modified Mogami-class frigate for maritime self-defence force
31st August 2023
Instead of producing 22 Mogami-class frigates, the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF) will transition to an improved design around halfway through the programme.
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Defence Notes
How commercial technologies are helping the Pentagon combat cyber threats
1st June 2023
The DoD is focused on the use of AI, ML and trusted commercial autonomy as well as cyber and telecom solutions to be combined with the government’s assets.
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Naval Warfare
DSEI 2023: Can the Royal Navy's submarine fleet handle the pressure?
12th September 2023
The third and final instalment of Shephard’s focus on the UK Royal Navy (RN) examines the state of the submarine force. The SSN fleet is still in transition as the last Trafalgar-class boats retire and Astute-class boats struggles to get into service, and pressure on Vanguard-class SSBNs is increasing as the Dreadnought successor project gets under way following long delays.
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Defence Notes
How the UK is approaching the use of AI in weapon systems
4th May 2023
British lawmakers have been analysing how to safely and reliably deploy AI technology as well as their impact on the nature of armed conflicts.
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Naval Warfare
How the Canadian Surface Combatant programme can recover from COVID-19 delays
23rd August 2023
The Canadian Department of National Defence (DND) is working with Irving Shipyard to manage the lingering impact of COVID-19 on the Canadian Surface Combatant (CSC) project.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Skyborg [USA]
Programme Background Programme Intention Skyborg is one of three USAF Vanguard programs outlined in the Air Force Science and Technology 2030 initiative. The program intends ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones [Lithuania]
Programme Background Ukraine FPV Drones On 5 April 2024, the Lithuanian MoD announced it would purchase around 3,000 Lithuanian-made FPV drones to give to Ukraine ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones [Moldova]
Programme Background Lithuanian Drones Lithuania's Minister of National Defense, Laurynas Kasciunas, announced that Lithuanian-produced thermal night vision devices and FPV drones had begun being delivered to Moldova during ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Lithuania]
Programme Background 3000 FPV Drones On 5 April 2024, the Lithuanian MoD announced it would purchase around 3,000 Lithuanian-made FPV drones to give to Ukraine to ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
V-Bat [Netherlands]
Background Contract Award On 9 July 2025, Shield AI announced that the Netherlands MoD had acquired eight V-Bat, specifically the V-Bat 400, aircraft to enhance the maritime intelligence, surveillance ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - tactical
V-Bat 128 (Brazil)
Programme Background On 7 February 2022, Sheild AI announced on its website that it had signed a contract with VSK Tactical which included the 'purchase of [the] V-Bat ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Group Unmanned Isr DronE (GUIDE) [Netherlands]
Background Competition On 14 March 2025, the Netherlands announced on the EU tendering website a competition sounding the future procurement of 514 UAVs for intelligence, surveillance, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Loyal Wingan [Japan]
Programme Background Drone Appetite Released in December 2022, the Defence Building Program (DBP) called on the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) to replace some human assets with uncrewed ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
V-Bat [India]
Programme Background Make In India The 'Make In India' is an initiative by the Indian government to grow the domestic manufacturing industry. In the context of ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Replicator 1 [US]
Programme Background Announcement & Requirement In late August 2023, Deputy Defense Secretary Kathleen Hicks announced the Replicator programme, an effort to galvanise an industry which ...
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Military UAS - tactical
Mi2 Challenge [USN]
Programme Background Requirements The USN wants a UAV to be flown in austere environments without dedicated launch or recovery equipment; since it would be launched ...
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Loitering munitions
Artemis [US]
Background Origin Artemis began in 2024 due to the US European Command and Indo-Pacific Command's demand for UAVs that met the following requirements. As part ...
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ARV (USMC) [USA]
Programme Background The ARV constitutes one component of a wider USMC effort to develop an interconnected network of manned and unmanned platforms more suited to ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
XM30 Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicle [USA]
Programme Background Requirement The OMFV programme is the latest of several attempts to develop a Bradley replacement. Designed to be capable of operating with or without ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Air Launched Effect (ALE) [South Korea]
Programme Background KF-21 Boramae Crewed Fighter The Republic of Korea's Air Force (ROKAF) plans to acquire the KF-21 Boramae fighter, replacing F-4E Phantom II and ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Loitering munitions
Viper 10
The Viper 10 is a rotary-wing first-person view (FPV) drone from Baltic Viper. The loitering munition quadcopter has a 4kg payload, a reinforced communication system, and ...
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UAS: flight control systems
Hivemind
Developed by Shield AI, Hivemind is an ecosystem of tightly integrated AI software tools and interfaces that leverages several factors to deliver intelligent and resilient autonomy ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Netra 5
Launched at Aero India 2025, the Netra 5 is a rotary-wing UAV manufactured by ideaForge. It can host a 900g EO/IR camera and drop a ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
GA-10FPV-AI
The GA-10FPV-AI is a Lithuanian FPV quadcopter drone manufactured by Granta Autonomy. The drone can carry a 3kg payload and operate in GNSS-denied environments. In September 2024, Granta Autonomy ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
TETTRON TM-450
The Tettron TM-450 is a micro rotary-wing UAV manufactured by Thunder Tiger. The primary mission of the drone is to provide short-range reconnaissance (SRR), particularly ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
INTeACT
Developed by BAE Systems, INTeACT is a next-generation combat management system for surface vessels with a dedicated software development kit (SDK). Notably, it includes AI-powered ...
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Loitering munitions
FWD-LM01
The FWD-LM01 is a loitering munition unveiled by Flying Wedge Defence & Aerospace at the Paris Air Show 2025. The manufacturer states the drone is built for ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
UAS Concept 1
In July 2022, BAE Systems revealed two UAV concepts. The UAS Concept 1 is described as a small, versatile aircraft designed to augment existing forces ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Jump 20-X
Unveiled at IDEX 2025, the Jump 20-X is an advancement of AeroVironment's Jump 20 UAV. It is a small (Group 3), fixed-wing, VTOL-capable aircraft with a heavy-fuel ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Nova 2
The Nova 2 is a rotary-wing UAV designed by Sheild AI. The platform features Level 5 autonomy, allowing it to autonomously traverse complex domains without an operator's ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Autonomous Collaborative Platform (ACP)
In July 2022, BAE Systems revealed two UAV concepts, one later being branded Concept 2, or the Autonomous Collaborative Platform (ACP), at DSEI 2023. Signage near ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Cinder
Dragoon Technology is a UAV being developed for the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU)'s Artemis effort. In May 2025, Teledyne FLIR announced it had teamed with Dragoon to offer ...
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Heavy UGVs
Robotics Technology Demonstrator
BAE Systems unveiled its Robotics Technology Demonstrator (RTD) at the AUSA exhibition in 2019. Designed to meet the requirements of the US Army's Robotic Combat ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
Inquisithor
Shephard saw the Inquisithor at DSA 2024. It is a quadcopter UAV from ProLab Engineering. It is highly customisable and can be changed to a user's requirements ...
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Air: aerial targets, Loitering munitions
Super Simsek
The Super Simsek (Süper Şimşek) is an improved version of the Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) training drone turned loitering munition. The drone has reconfigurable payload options ...
