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Defence Notes
India greenlights $4.7 billion defence spend as post-war tensions simmer
30th May 2025
Precision strikes, drone warfare and shifting regional doctrine mark aftermath of four-day India-Pakistan conflict.
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Air Warfare
UK MoD unveils first steps for British Army Watchkeeper replacement
17th April 2025
Project Corvus will look for a replacement for the Watchkeeper Mk1 uncrewed aerial system (UAS) that was retired from service in the British Army in March 2025.
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Defence Notes
Romanians put pro-Russian candidate into presidential runoff even as the government spends west
26th November 2024
Romania joined NATO more than two decades ago and the country is vital to the alliance’s geographic reach and its ability to supply Ukraine with weapons.
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Land Warfare
How Ukraine has developed its expanding land arsenal
6th November 2024
Ukraine’s conflict with Russia has continued to drive development in its domestic arms industry and expand foreign military aid to increase the strength of its land forces.
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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall starts work on a new Lithuanian artillery factory
29th November 2024
Rheinmetall’s new factory in Lithuania will produce hundreds of thousands of artillery shells and operations will begin in 2026.
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Land Warfare
US-provided ATACMS missiles given green-light for use inside Russian territory
19th November 2024
Ukraine has now reportedly used the missile on Russia territory following US approval, but will the UK and French Storm Shadow and SCALP missiles follow?
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Land Warfare
Digital backbone: bringing new capabilities to the UK defence market
29th August 2025
In Conversation: Shephard’s Gerrard Cowan talks to Bittium’s newly appointed general manager for UK defence, Dean Aldridge, about how the company’s tactical communications technologies can empower the British armed forces, and its ambitions for the UK market.
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Land Warfare
Is the CV90 too popular for its own good?
8th September 2025
The CV90 is one of the most popular armoured vehicles in Europe, but with orders continuing to rise, there are real questions about whether or not BAE Systems Hägglunds has the capacity to meet increasing demand.
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Air Warfare
Why the F-16 fighter jet remains a force to be reckoned with (updated 2025)
10th February 2025
The Lockheed Martin F-16 fighter jet remains in the limelight more than 40 years after its first flight. Shephard sums up the latest developments and details everything you need to know about the aircraft in 2025.
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Land Warfare
Germany places $342 million for Rheinmetall logistics trucks
21st January 2025
The trucks are being ordered within a framework agreement concluded in July 2024 which covers the delivery of up to 6,500 trucks worth up to €3.5 billion (US$3.6 billion).
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Air Warfare
Polish Armed Forces agrees deal to acquire 10,000 Warmate loitering munitions
16th May 2025
Poland’s Deputy Prime Minister vows that the country “will not be left behind” as the Ministry of Defense (MoD) announces its intention to acquire 10,000 Warmate loitering munitions for the Polish army.
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Land Warfare
IDEX 2025: Does this up-armoured T-90 tank mean Russia has learnt Ukraine war lessons?
18th February 2025
After significant losses of the T-90 main battle tank (MBT) in the Ukraine conflict, Russia's UralVagonZavod has developed and tested a series of upgrades to enhance the survivability of the platform, with the result on display in Abu Dhabi this week.
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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall hands over more Marder infantry fighting vehicles to Ukraine
25th October 2024
Germany has been a major supporter of Ukraine in its war against Russia, supplying hundreds of vehicles and hundreds-of-thousands of rounds of artillery.
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Uncrewed Vehicles
SOF Week 2025: Kraken Technology group debuts K3 Scout USV in North America
6th May 2025
High-performance maritime industry player Kraken Technology Group, based in the UK, has used the SOF Week conference in Tampa, Florida this week to debut its K3 Scout uncrewed surface vessel (USV) to the North American market.
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Land Warfare
AM General could send another Hawkeye to Ukraine
17th October 2024
Following a year on the front lines, another 2-CT Haweye MHS could be sent to Ukraine to join ongoing trials.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
RQ-35 Heidrun (Ukraine Aid) [Germany]
Programme Background Early 2024 On 28 March 2024, the German Federal Government provided an update on the military aid it had given to Ukraine. In ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Akinci [Ukraine]
Programme Background Two Export Contracts In January 2022, the Daily Sabah reported that Baykar had "recently" signed its first export contract for the Akinci. Haluk Bayraktar ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 600 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background $300 Million USAI (1 April 2022) On 1 April 2022, the US DoD announced a $300 million military aid package for Ukraine following ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Phoenix Ghost (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background Presidential Drawdown (21 April 2022) Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, on 21 April 2022, President Biden announced an $800 ...
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Patrol boats
FPB 98 (Ukraine)
Programme Background The international competition had been launched in the Spring of 2018 by the Ukrainian Ministry of Interior for the reinforcement of the State ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 (Aid & Discounted Units) [Ukraine]
Programme Background Pre Invasion Units The Ukrainian Army purchased 12 TB2 units in January 2019 for a reported $69 million. Deliveries began in June 2019, ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
UX11 (Ukraine Aid) [France]
Programme Background First Batch On 6 September 2023, Sébastien Lecornu, the French Minister of Defence, announced Delair was providing Ukraine with more than 150 drones. ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
T-150 (Ukraine Aid) [UK]
Programme Background Virtual Address On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. On 3 May 2022, the UK's Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, virtually addressed the Ukrainian ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CV90 [Ukraine - Forecast]
Programme Background Announced at the NATO Defense Ministers’ Meeting in Brussels in June 2023, Ukraine formally signed a Joint Declaration on Cooperation in the Procurement and Operation ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 300 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background Presidential Drawdown (16 March 2022 & 13 April 2022) On 16 March 2022, President Biden announced $800 million in security assistance to Ukraine through ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Lithuania]
Programme Background 3000 FPV Drones On 5 April 2024, the Lithuanian MoD announced it would purchase around 3,000 Lithuanian-made FPV drones to give to Ukraine to ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Norway]
Programme Background September 2024 On 3 September 2024, the Norwegian government announced that "Ukraine will get more drones donated to their frontline, and more air ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Bison & Coyote (Ukraine Aid) [Canada]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Canada has been one of several NATO countries to supply Ukraine with continuous support. ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Latvian Drones (2024) (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Background Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG) In January 2024, the Ukrainian Defence Contact Group (UDCG), a multi-nation organisation that coordinates military aid for Ukraine, established a drone ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
FPV Drones [Lithuania]
Programme Background Ukraine FPV Drones On 5 April 2024, the Lithuanian MoD announced it would purchase around 3,000 Lithuanian-made FPV drones to give to Ukraine ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Vespa-15
The Vespa-15 is a first-person view (FPV) rotary-wing UAV manufactured by a Ukrainian company. In May 2025, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of Ukraine announced it ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Shpak
Shpak is a mini rotary wing, FPV style, UAV manufactured by RSI Europe. Primarily designed to carry explosives, the drone was developed to help Ukraine ...
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Tanks
T-80UD
The 125mm-armed T-80UD MBT is a variant of the T-80 which was in production in Ukraine when the Soviet Union broke up in 1991. An ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Pro
The Pro VTOL is a fixed-wing UAV from DeltaQuad. It is available in three models, the Map, View and Cargo variants, which primarily impact the attached payload. ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
REX
The REX is an in-development Ukrainian mini-attack drone. It can hold and subsequently drop various munitions weighing up to 10kg and can locate, fix, track, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Observer-S
The Observer-S is a UAV produced by Def C of the Intecracy Group in Ukraine. Its main purpose is aerial survey and reconnaissance. It is ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Astero
Manufactured by Nordic Wing, the Astero is a fixed-wing mini UAV designed for ISR missions. The drone is equipped with a NightHawk 2 camera. In the ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Black Hornet 3
The Black Hornet 3 is the next generation of the PD-100 Black Hornet, the world's smallest nano-UAS. This new model of the Black Hornet provides ...
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Loitering munitions
HF-1
The HF-1 is a loitering munition produced by Helsing in cooperation with Ukrainian companies. Germany is acquiring and supplying a vast quantity of the aircraft to Ukraine ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Patriot R2
The new-generation Patriot R2 UAS is used for military and civil/commercial applications and provides reconnaissance support. It was designed in response to fighting that occurred ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
SURA HMTDS
SURA is a helmet-mounted display system produced in Ukraine. Notably, it offers off-boresight acquisition capability to pilots and can cue the aircraft's sensor systems using ...
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Aircraft carriers
Liaoning (Type 001)
Liaoning, China's first aircraft carrier, is a refurbished cold war-era aircraft carrier that was commissioned in 2012. The ship is a former Soviet Navy aircraft ...
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Air-to-air missiles
Vympel R-27
The Vympel R-27 (NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo) is a Soviet air-to-air missile. It remains in service with the Russian Air Force and is also ...
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Crew-served assault/anti-tank weapons
Stugna
The Stugna-P is an anti-tank guided missile system designed and manufactured in Ukraine by the Kyiv-based Luch design bureau. It features a laser-guided system with ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Archer
The Archer is an FPV-style loitering munition from Neros. Certified by BlueUAS, the drone is designed and manufactured in Los Angeles, Californa. In February 2025, 6,000 ...
