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Land Warfare
Saab receives Carl-Gustaf M4 order from Poland and gets greenlight for Indian factory
5th March 2024
In September 2014, Saab Dynamics introduced the Carl-Gustaf M4, the fourth generation of the widely deployed shoulder-fired 84mm recoilless weapon system.
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Naval Warfare
How adverse weather conditions affect autonomous USV navigation
14th June 2024
Significant advancements and ongoing challenges in the development of autonomous navigation for uncrewed systems have highlighted the complex interplay between human oversight and technological capability.
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Defence Notes
US Pentagon to reduce investments in main acquisition programmes over FY2025
12th March 2024
The DoD requested nearly US$850 billion to fund operations over the next fiscal year. Despite the amount being 1% higher than the FY2024 budget request, it has not covered the 3% inflation rate, which could impact the DoD’s main programmes in the medium and long term.
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Land Warfare
Brazil gets go-ahead for 12 Black Hawk helicopters
28th May 2024
The Brazilian Army announced in 2023 that it was aiming to replace the eight HM-3 Cougar (Airbus Helicopters AS532 UE) and four HM-2 Black Hawk helicopters (Sikorsky S-70A) that have been in service with Army Aviation Command, with the aircraft beginning to be decommissioned in December 2023.
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Land Warfare
Deftech displays proof-of-concept vehicle for improved Malaysian Army ACV-300 Adnan AFV
7th May 2024
The ACV-300 Adnan Armoured Fighting Vehicle (AFV) is a Malaysian variant of the FNSS ACV-15 and was the result of a collaboration between FNSS and Malaysian company DRB-Hicom Defence Technologies (Deftech).
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Air Warfare
Portugal wants F-35s, but has no firm plans in place
1st May 2024
The Portuguese Air Force’s leader has outlined the importance of embracing the F-35 to maintain the country's air capabilities despite the absence of a formal procurement plan for the latest Lockheed Martin fighter.
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Land Warfare
French Army to receive 109 CAESAR MkII howitzers from 2026
3rd February 2024
Nexter’s Caesar (CAmion Equipé d’un Système d’ARtillerie) 6x6, a 155mm/52cal weapon mounted on a Renault Trucks Defense 6x6 Sherpa chassis,
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Naval Warfare
New deal to make AUKUS cooperation easier
22nd April 2024
The AUKUS agreement will support Australia’s purchase of at least eight nuclear-powered submarines under pillar one. Other pillars of the agreement cover high technology such as cyber, unmanned systems, AI, EW, undersea capabilities and information sharing between the three countries.
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Air Warfare
Malaysia inks $1.48 billion in support deals for submarines and aircraft
9th May 2024
The deals signed ranged from submarine and aircraft support to the purchase of maritime patrol aircraft and anti-tank weapons.
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Naval Warfare
Norway to renew naval forces within a decade
23rd May 2024
The Royal Norwegian Navy (RNoN) will be almost completely overhauled and replaced with new ships and submarines in a timeframe of about 10 years.
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Land Warfare
Norway orders more NASAMS to replace donations to Ukraine
31st January 2024
NASAMS was originally developed by Kongsberg and Raytheon to meet the requirements of the Royal Norwegian Air Force and was the first application for the surface-launched Raytheon’s AIM-120 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile.
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Naval Warfare
VARD and Fincantieri launch Resilience ship family to target Norway’s standardised vessel needs
25th April 2024
VARD and Fincantieri’s announcement to launch the VARD Resilience series came only weeks after Norway’s new long-term 2025–36 defence plan.
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Land Warfare
Germany joins CAVS 6x6 AFV R&D programme
2nd May 2024
The Common Armoured Vehicle System (CAVS) programme started in 2019 involving Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Sweden. Germany has now been joined in the research and development (R&D) phase.
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Land Warfare
Germany joins CAVS 6x6 AFV R&D programme
2nd May 2024
The Common Armoured Vehicle System (CAVS) programme started in 2019 involving Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Sweden. Germany has now been joined in the research and development (R&D) phase.
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Land Warfare
USSOCOM tests the use of passive radar in C-UAS missions
8th May 2024
Trials with the Silentium Defence Maverick M8 passive radar system were conducted in Exercise Trident Spectre 2024.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
L-SAM-II Prototype [South Korea]
Background In June 2025, it was announced that South Korea had awarded a $144 million contract with Hanwha Aerospace to develop a prototype for the L-SAM-II high-altitude surface-to-air missile ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
HQ-19 [Pakistan]
Background In 2025, Pakistan ordered an unknown number of HQ-19 long-range air defence systems to counter ballistic missile attack. The HQ-19 is a Chinese system developed ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Long Range Air Defence [Luxembourg]
Background In August 2026, Luxembourg announced that it was cancelling a previously announced joint procurement of NASAMS with Belgium. In its place, Luxembourg announced in ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow 3 Expansion [Germany]
Background In 2023, Germany ordered three Arrow 3 long-range air defence systems from Israel-based IAI to provide an anti-ballistic missile capability. In July 2026, an ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow 3 [Germany]
Background In 2023 Germany ordered three Arrow 3 long-range air defence systems from Israel-based IAI to provide an anti-ballistic missile capability. At $3.89 billion it ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
ASTER / VL MICA Multi-layer [France]
Background The Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation, acting on behalf of France, awarded EUROSAM a contract on April 30th, 2026, for the development of the ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
ASTER / VL MICA Multi-layer (additional) [France]
Background In October 2026, France ordered four additional firing units of the SAMP/T NG air and missile defence system. With this order, the total number of SAMP/T ...
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Maritime patrol
P-8 Poseidon [South Korea]
Programme Background South Korea is facing an imminent submarine threat from North Korea. The Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) is operating an aging fleet of P-3C ...
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Destroyers
DDX Programme (1-2) [Italy]
Background Requirements Destroyers are fundamental to Italy's blue water fleet and will be required to be capable of projecting capability at sea from the sea ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Medium Range Air Defence [Australia]
Background Faced with a growing threat from China and a vast land and sea territory to protect, Australia is seeking to establish a medium-range ground-based ...
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Destroyers
Joint Strike Ship [South Korea]
Programme Background Requirements The third element of South Korea's "Three Axis System" - a complex of measures designed to track, detect, and eliminate an adversary’s ballistic missiles and ...
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Destroyers
Maya Class (27DDG) (1-2) [Japan]
Programme Background The 27DD Maya class destroyers were previously known as the Improved Atago class because they are an addition to the existing two Atago-class destroyers that have entered service. ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Long Range Air Defence [Norway]
Background Following a 2023 report which bluntly stated that the Norwegian military was not ready for war and that particular gaps existed in air defence in ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Cheongung Block II [South Korea]
Background South Korea launched a plan to convert its Cheongung-I systems to the M-SAM Block II configuration. It was announced in July 2025 that it ...
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Medium Range Missile Defence Systems: 20-90km range
Cheongung Block III [South Korea]
Background South Korea's Defense Project Promotion Committee approved the basic strategy for the development of M-SAM Block III (Cheongung Block III). The system will modernise South Korea's ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Major networking projects
Ballistic Missile Defence
In early 2010, NATO acquired the first phase of an initial theatre ballistic missile defence capability to protect alliance forces.
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Submarines: nuclear/ballistic missile
Arktur Next Generation SSBN
At Army 2022 defence exposition, Rubin Design Bureau unveiled the next-generation ballistic missile submarine concept. Known as Arktur, the submarine features a stealth design and ...
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Major networking projects
Missile Defence
In 2010, NATO rolled out an initial capability to protect alliance forces against missile threats and is now examining options for protecting territory and populations. ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
SM-2 Block IV (RIM-156A)
The SM-2 Block IV (RIM-156A) is an extended-range surface-to-air missile developed by the United States Navy for fleet area air defence and terminal phase ballistic ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System
The Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) System, developed by the United States, provides advanced sea-based and land-based protection against ballistic missile threats. Using the AN/SPY-1 ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
9M82M
The 9M82M (NATO reporting name SA-23a 'Giant') is a Russian medium-range, surface-to-air missile designed to destroy tactical ballistic missiles. The development of the 9M82M missile, part of ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
Arrow Weapon System
The Arrow air defence system was jointly developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Boeing under the oversight of Israel's Ministry of Defense and the ...
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Frigates
GMF 140
The GMF 140 is a concept frigate designed by Rheinmetall Naval Systems. It is initially being marketed towards North American procurement as a next-generation integrated air ...
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Major networking projects
C2BMC
Command, Control, Battle Management and Communications (C2BMC) is the integrating element of the US Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) for global missile defence. C2BMC links ...
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Sea: naval fire control radar
AN/SPY-1 air search radar
Aegis isan integrated missile guidance system used on USN and allied ships to performanti-air and ballistic missile defence missions. The S-band phased-array AN/SPY-1D(V) radar acquires ...
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Land: air defence radar
AN/TPY-2
The Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance (AN/TPY-2) is an X-band missile defence radar that can detect, classify and track ballistic missiles. It uses an AESA antenna comprising 25.344 T/R ...
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Destroyers
Akizuki Class
The Akizuki-class (19DD) destroyers are escort ships for the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF). They are designed to accompany Japan’s new Hyuga—and Izumo-class helicopter carriers ...
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Long Range Missile Defence Systems: > 90km range
S-300V (SA-12 Gladiator)
The SA-12 Gladiator, part of the S-300V air defence system, is a long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by the Soviet Union in the late ...
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Surface-to-air missiles
L-SAM ABM (Block I)
The L-SAM system's anti-ballistic missile (ABM) interceptor is a three-stage missile designed to neutralize incoming ballistic missiles during their terminal phase. It employs a hit-to-kill ...
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Sea: naval surveillance radar
KRONOS Power Shield
The KRONOS Power Shield is an early warning naval radar manufactured by Leonardo. It is primarily designed for ballistic missile defence and surveillance. The main ...
