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Naval Warfare
Singapore to add two more submarines to fleet as it hikes defence spending
3rd March 2025
Singapore’s army and navy look set to benefit from increases in the country’s defence budget, with submarines and IFVs on the shopping list.
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Defence Notes
Collins MAPS Gen II to equip US DoD watercraft
19th March 2025
US services have already conducted multiple tests with military maritime systems fitted with the system.
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Naval Warfare
Saab relaunches third upgraded Gotland-class submarine
14th February 2025
More than 20 of the central systems in HMS Halland were replaced as part of the upgrade, including sensors and command systems.
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Naval Warfare
NAVDEX 2025: First of UAE Navy’s four Falaj-3 OPVs commissioned
21st February 2025
The vessels were first discussed a full ten years before the commissioning ceremony, and three more are due within the next three years.
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Land Warfare
What do Russia or Ukraine need to win the war?
28th February 2025
Shephard looks at both the doctrine and equipment perspective and considers what both countries would require in order to ensure victory.
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Land Warfare
IDEX 2025: Does this up-armoured T-90 tank mean Russia has learnt Ukraine war lessons?
18th February 2025
After significant losses of the T-90 main battle tank (MBT) in the Ukraine conflict, Russia's UralVagonZavod has developed and tested a series of upgrades to enhance the survivability of the platform, with the result on display in Abu Dhabi this week.
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Air Warfare
IDEX 2025: GIDS aims to set the loitering munition market ablaze
19th February 2025
At IDEX 2025, Global Industrial Defence Solutions (GIDS) unveiled the Blaze family of loitering munitions: the Blaze-25, Blaze-50 and Blaze-75.
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Naval Warfare
Denmark commits to three new Arctic vessels in light of Trump’s Greenland comments
29th January 2025
The vessels have been a necessity for years, but now Denmark is planning a stronger Arctic presence.
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Air Warfare
Airbus to further work on France’s A321XLR maritime patrol aircraft programme
5th February 2025
The two-year contract on the A321 militarised maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) will look to risk-assess the programme ahead of its development phase in 2026.
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Land Warfare
Europe’s next-generation tank crawls forward and adopts a proven process
5th May 2025
The Franco-German Main Ground Combat System (MGCS) is ambitious and is using a procurement system which has had some success in the continent’s aircraft purchasing processes with a separate company established and subsystems identified.
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Air Warfare
IDEX 2025: Jump 20-X marks the spot for AeroVironment
19th February 2025
AeroVironment showcased the Jump 20-X, an advancement of the company’s Jump 20 VTOL-capable fixed-wing UAV, at this year’s IDEX in Abu Dhabi.
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Defence Notes
Ireland begins work on buying fighter jets and doubling the naval fleet
3rd March 2025
Since the release of Ireland’s Commission on the Defence Forces (CoDF) report two years ago there have been whisperings about the potential of Ireland buying fighter jets, one of the most ambitious recommendations. The prospect has now inched closer.
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Land Warfare
Future of the US Army’s IVAS programme remains unknown
4th February 2025
Despite recently releasing an Request for Information (RfI) under the IVAS programme, it remains unclear if the US Army will recompete the initiative.
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Land Warfare
The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle continues its success as the new variant rolls out
20th March 2025
The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is becoming the dominant platform in its class as it replaces most of the massive US Army and US Marine Corps (USMC) fleets of HMMWV 4x4s, colloquially known as the Humvee. Shephard dives deep into the JLTV programme background and analyses the latest variants and contracts, including the controversial production switch to AM General and the continued contracts continuing to head Oshkosh's way.
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Land Warfare
Vietnam orders self-propelled howitzers from South Korea
6th March 2025
Vietnam turns to Hanwha Aerospace as it looks to reduce reliance on Russian military systems.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Third Batch]
Programme Background The Polish Army selected the Rosomak 8x8 armoured vehicle (a version of Patria's Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) 8x8 produced under licence by Rosomak) ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Fourth Batch]
Programme Background The Polish Army selected the Rosomak 8x8 armoured vehicle (a version of Patria's Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) 8x8 produced under licence by Rosomak) ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Sixth Batch]
Programme Background The Polish Army selected the Rosomak 8x8 armoured vehicle (a version of Patria's Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) 8x8 produced under licence by Rosomak) ...
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Frigates
Frigates Procurement Programme [Saudi Arabia]
Background Requirements The Royal Saudi Navy urges to enhance its combat capabilities and to replace older vessels. Riyadh has recently embarked on major naval procurement ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Rosomak [Poland - Fifth Batch]
Programme Background The Polish Army selected the Rosomak 8x8 armoured vehicle (a version of Patria's Armored Modular Vehicle (AMV) 8x8 produced under licence by Rosomak) ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | Al Jawf Class Replacement [Saudi Arabia]
The Royal Saudi Navy urges the replacement of three Al Jawf-class minehunters, which Shephard forecasts will leave service by the end of the decade. At WDS ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | Al Jawf Class Replacement [Saudi Arabia]
The Royal Saudi Navy urges the replacement of three Al Jawf-class minehunters, which Shephard forecasts will leave service by the end of the decade. At WDS ...
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Submarines: conventional/attack
Submarines procurement programme [Saudi Arabia]
Background Requirements The Royal Saudi Naval Forces (RSNF) is in the process of a fleet transformation plan which, so far, has seen the procurement of ...
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Military UAS - small
Shield AI UAVs [Saudi Arabia]
Background Reported talks Reporting from the World Defence Show (WDS) 2026, the Middle East Eye (MEE) noted that, according to two sources, Saudi Arabia was ...
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Military UAS - MALE
Wing Loong 10B [Saudi Arabia]
Methodology PGO and programme status The programme was announced at WDS 2024, but has seemingly not been contracted. Therefore, Defence Insight has assigned it as ...
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Military helicopters - multirole
UH-60M (National Guard) [Saudi Arabia]
Background Broader order The Saudi Arabian UH-60M order in 2017 was part of a broader contract with the US Army, which covered 257 total helicopters ...
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Light attack, Trainer
Hawk Mk 165 Advanced Jet Trainer- Saudi Arabia
Background Requirement The Hawk Mk 165 fleet will be used to train Saudi pilots before they transition to the Eurofighter Typhoon and F-15 in service with RSAF. Under ...
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Loitering munitions
Jaser [Saudi Arabia]
Methodology PGO and programme status Serb Advanced Industries confirmed in 2026 that the Jeser loitering munition was being produced for the Saudi Armed Forces, with multiple ...
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Fighter - multirole
Kaan [Saudi Arabia]
Background 2024 and 2025 discussions Reports in the Saudi Arabian interest in the Kaan aircraft first emerged in 2024 during a visit of the commander ...
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MPVs - 4x4
Jais 4x4 [Saudi Arabia]
Background The Saudi Arabian government is aiming to localise 50% of its investment into defence by 2030 in line with the country's Vision 2030 economic ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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MPVs - 4x4
Rhino
The Rhino is a 4x4 MPV designed by ST Engineering and debuted globally at WDS 2026 in Riyadh.
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EO/IR systems
PT-8N
The PT-8D is an IR system from Overwatch Imaging. It is fitted with multiple HD thermal cameras and has been designed to conduct missions at dusk ...
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Military UAS - MALE
Samoom
Unveiled at the World Defence Show 2022, the Samoon is a Saudi Arabian UCAV manufactured by Intra Defence Technologies. It is powered by Belgian ULPower Aero ...
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EO/IR systems
PT-8D
Marketed as a cost-effective solution, the PT-8D is a wide-area search and ISR payload from Overwatch Imaging. It features an RGB colour camera and a ...
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EO/IR systems
PT-8DN
The PT-8DN is a versatile day-night payload from Overwatch Imaging. It has dual RGB sensors of different focal lengths and an HD LWIR sensor. It also ...
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Military UAS - MALE
Milkor 380
The Milkor 380 is a MALE UCAV with extensive mission payloads for Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) and precision strike missions. This range of payloads can be attached ...
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Guided munitions
Sabir
The Sabir 155mm artillery-guided ammunition, presented by KNDS France at WDS 2024, is a locally produced precision munition aligned with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. The ...
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Air: helicopter radar, Air: surveillance and maritime patrol radar, Air: UAS radar
ELM-2022
The ELM-2022, developed by IAI ELTA, is a maritime patrol radar family operating in the X-band designed for manned and unmanned, fixed- or rotary-wing airborne platforms. It is engineered for ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
BTR-22
The BTR-22 is the latest member of Russia’s BTR family, first unveiled at WDS 2026. Developed by Rostec it is intended to draw upon combat ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
Milkor Commander
At WDS 2024, Milkor UAE unveiled a new 16m patrol craft named Commander. Milkor revealed that more of the Commander’s capabilities will be showcased during ...
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Loitering munitions
Jaser
The Jaser is an electronically powered loitering munition manufactured by Serb Advanced Industries. It is pneumatically launched and is equipped with both day and thermal imaging cameras. At ...
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Air: aerial targets, Military UAS - small
SRC 100 Razor
Unveiled at the World Defence Show 2026, the SRC 100 Razor is a fixed-wing UAV designed for ISR and aerial target missions. It is fully autonomous, ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Pars Alpha 8x8
Unveiled at the World Defense Show 2024 in Riyadh, the Pars Alpha is the latest 8x8 Armoured Vehicle from Turkish manufacturer FNSS. Featuring improvements on ...
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MPVs - 4x4
Cockerill i-X
The Cockerill i-X is a wheeled armoured vehicle designed as a light armoured platform with a modular turret for intercepting enemy forces. John Cockerill Defense unveiled the new ...
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Military UAS - mini
SKAT 350
Based on the Supercam 350, the SKAT 350 is a mini fixed-wing UAV manufactured by Kalashnikov Concern JSC. The drone was revealed in early 2024, ...