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Land Warfare
US Army orders more than 200 Bradley A4 IFVs for $440 million
14th September 2024
The upgrades mean Bradleys could stay in service as far out as 2050. Plans are underway, however, to replace the type under the XM30 Mechanised Infantry Combat Vehicle requirement and more than 1,000 XM30s may be delivered by the mid-2030s.
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Defence Notes
Ukraine leads the way on battlefield use of directed energy weapons
18th February 2025
Increased drone use in Ukraine and in Middle Eastern conflicts has created a strong impetus to develop laser and radio-frequency firepower as exploration of direct-energy technology intensifies.
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Defence Notes
Top-level commitments but no meat in UK Defence Industrial Strategy’s Statement of Intent
3rd December 2024
The initial document focused more on creating the right partnerships and inspiring investment in defence than on any details of how future UK Armed Forces would be armed.
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Land Warfare
Germany to increase artillery capability
23rd May 2025
Germany has substantially reduced its artillery capability since the end of the Cold War but is now looking to substantially boost numbers in the face of a changed geopolitical environment across the continent.
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Naval Warfare
Ireland steps up European defence co-operation in the face of Russian activity
14th April 2025
Ireland is militarily neutral but has joined a European Union (EU) rapid reaction force and a European information sharing group.
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Air Warfare
Spain acquires Skydio’s X10D in €18 million deal
27th February 2025
Skydio has been contracted by Spain’s Ministry of Defence to supply the Skydio 10D rotary-wing UAV to the Spanish Armed Forces. The contact is likely related to the Spanish Army’s modernisation efforts which has been enshrined in the Fuerza 35 project.
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Land Warfare
Extra punch to be added to THeMIS UGV as production set to increase
29th January 2025
Milrem Robotics is looking to improve the lethality of its Tracked Hybrid Modular Infantry System (THeMIS) uncrewed ground vehicle (UGV), ramp up production and add an integration with uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).
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Air Warfare
Why the F-16 fighter jet remains a force to be reckoned with (updated 2025)
10th February 2025
The Lockheed Martin F-16 fighter jet remains in the limelight more than 40 years after its first flight. Shephard sums up the latest developments and details everything you need to know about the aircraft in 2025.
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Land Warfare
China’s airborne force receives next-gen infantry fighting vehicles
27th December 2024
Some amendments address weaknesses proven in the Ukraine conflict.
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Defence Notes
UK boosts defence budget by 5.3%, but is this enough?
30th October 2024
The UK budget announced in Parliament on 30 October is the first by a Labour government in 14 years. While it sees a boost in defence spending, this comes in the face of fiscal challenges and the effects of inflation.
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Naval Warfare
Indian naval crew awaits delayed Russian-built frigates
28th November 2024
India has been re-evaluating its naval capabilities as its maritime objectives continue to expand beyond the Indian Ocean.
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Land Warfare
CV90 revels in northern exposure while looking for new customers (updated April 2025)
25th April 2025
The BAE Systems Hägglunds’ CV90 IFV has been around for decades but continual refreshing to maintain power and relevance, along with a healthy market at home in Sweden and neighbouring countries, has led to more than 1,700 vehicle orders with 10 countries.
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Air Warfare
Trump offers F-35 to India, as US pledges to boost military sales by “billions”
14th February 2025
US President Donald Trump disclosed in a joint press conference with India’s Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, that the US would look for opportunities to supply Lockheed Martin F-35 fighter aircraft to India as the country looks to modernise its fleet.
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Land Warfare
CV90 user group signs agreement to improve procurement and commonality
9th June 2025
The CV90 is in service with or ordered by ten countries. The agreement between six of these countries is designed to create commonality to provide economies of scale and a reduced training burden.
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Land Warfare
Germany and UK to work on Deep Precision Strike weapon
16th May 2025
The weapon will have a range of more than 2,000km, according to the UK Ministry of Defence.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Golden Eagle (Ukraine Aid) [NATO Member]
Programme Background 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the usage and effectiveness of micro and mini UAV platforms ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 600 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background $300 Million USAI (1 April 2022) On 1 April 2022, the US DoD announced a $300 million military aid package for Ukraine following ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Norway]
Programme Background September 2024 On 3 September 2024, the Norwegian government announced that "Ukraine will get more drones donated to their frontline, and more air ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Phoenix Ghost (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background Presidential Drawdown (21 April 2022) Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, on 21 April 2022, President Biden announced an $800 ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
RQ-35 Heidrun (Ukraine Aid) [Germany]
Programme Background Early 2024 On 28 March 2024, the German Federal Government provided an update on the military aid it had given to Ukraine. In ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Drone40 (Ukraine Aid) [Australia]
Programme Background In August 2022, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), a think tank, held a podcast with Ukraine's ambassador to Australia, Vasyl Myroshnychenko, in which ...
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Military UAS - mini, Military UAS - rotary-wing
SkyRanger R70 (Ukraine Aid) [Canada]
Programme Background On 19 February 2024, the Canadian Defence Minister, Bill Blair, announced that the country would donate more than 800 SkyRanger R70 UAVs to ...
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Tanks
Leopard 2A8 [Croatia]
Programme Background Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Croatia becomes the latest in a string of Eastern/Central European countries to bolster its ...
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Military UAS - micro
Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Australia]
Programme Background In April 2024, while in Lviv, Australian Defense Minister Richard Marles announced a new AU$100 million military assistance package for Ukraine. This reaffirms ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 (Aid & Discounted Units) [Ukraine]
Programme Background Pre Invasion Units The Ukrainian Army purchased 12 TB2 units in January 2019 for a reported $69 million. Deliveries began in June 2019, ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2 (Pre-War) [Ukraine Navy]
Programme Background Ukrainian Army The Ukraine Army purchased 12 TB2 units in January 2019 for a reported $69 million. Contract According to Ukrainian Navy Commander ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CV90 [Sweden]
Programme Background As the domestic manufacturer and original operator of the CV90 IFV, Sweden has had a continuous fleet of CV90s in service since the ...
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Military helicopters - transport/heavy lift
Heavy Lift Helicopter [Philippines]
Programme Background Procurement from Russia In November 2021, Philippine Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana confirmed that a contract had been signed to acquire 16 Mi-171 heavy ...
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Fighter - multirole
Multi Role Combat Aircraft [Bangladesh]
Programme Background The Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) continues its quest to acquire a new multirole combat aircraft. Under the country’s Forces Goal 2030 plan, which ...
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Fighter - multirole
Next Generation Fighter Aircraft (Vietnam)
Programme Background Requirement The Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) operates an ageing fleet of Su-22 aircraft as well as Su-27s and Su-30s. According to expert commentary, ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Transport/tanker aircraft
Il-78M
Based on the Il-76 transport, the Il-78 convertible tanker/transport aircraft first entered service in 1974 and was followed three years later by the improved Il-78M ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Shark
The Shark is a fixed-wing catapult launched ISR UAV developed by Ukrspecsystems. The Shark-D is the original variant; an improved Shark-M variant was unveiled in early ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2
The Bayraktar TB2, or Bayraktar-2, is a medium-altitude long-endurance UAV developed and manufactured by Baykar. The platform can conduct ISR and armed attack missions and has a ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Orion / Orion-E
The Orion, sometimes called the Inokhodets, is the first Russian-manufactured MALE UAV that has been designed to carry out a wide variety of military surveillance applications. Russia has ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Forpost / Forpost-R
The Forpost was a variant of the Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) Searcher Mk II produced under license in Russia until 2016. Following US pressure, Israel refused to ...
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Land: battlefield and ground surveillance radar, Land: coastal surveillance radars
SNAR-10M1
The SNAR-10M1 is a mobile, armoured, self-propelled radar system manufactured by Almaz-Antey. It is designed with an automatic coordinate readout for locating moving ground and ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
BMP-1
The BMP-1 (Bronevaya Maschina Piekhota-1) is a tracked amphibious IFV that was developed in the Soviet Union during the 1960s. Entering service with the Soviet ...
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Land: air defence radar
Nebo-SVU
The Nebo-SVU is an air defence radar distributed by Rosoboronexport in Russia and is currently used by the Russian Army and the Iranian Army. It ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Eleron-3 (Series)
The Eleron series comprises several variants, including Eleron-3 (T23E), Eleron-3SV, Eleron-B, Eleron-10 (T10D and 10E) and Eleron-10SV (T10). The Russian Armed Forces use Eleron-3 aircraft ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Orlan-10/10E
Developed by the Russia-based Special Technology Center, the Orlan-10 is a medium-range UAS with many variants, such as the 10E, an export version introduced in 2017. The ...
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MPVs - 4x4
KamAZ-43269 Vystrel
The KamAZ-43269 Vystrel (originally known as the BPM-97) is a 4x4 armoured vehicle based on the proven KamAZ-4326 4x4 military truck chassis. Although development started in ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Mavic 3 (Series)
The Mavic 3 is a rotary-wing UAV manufactured by DJI designed for commercial aerial photography and video capture. It has a Hasselblad L2D-20c two-camera payload, omnidirectional obstacle sensing, and ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Gerbera
The Gerbera is a rudimentary Russian UAV manufactured by Gastello Design Bureau. The drone's body is made of radar-absorbent foam, and the platform is reportedly available ...
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Tanks
BMPT
UVZ developed the BMPT Fire Support Combat Vehicle, nicknamed Terminator by the company, after studying the Russian Army's performance during the Chechen War. Designed to ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
BTR-70
The BTR-70 is an amphibious 8x8 armoured personnel carrier originally developed for the Soviet Union's armed forces. Produced in the Soviet Union from 1972 until ...