Advances in Russian anti-access area denial (A2AD) have bought key capability gaps in NATO forces to the fore.
The latest developments in Russia include the ability to developed an integrated air and missile defence (IAMD) system that is networked with advanced systems and mobile.
Speaking at the EW Europe conference, senior defence officials told delegates that as well as an IAMD system there were advances in electronic warfare, electronic attack and cyber operations.
Deployed forces can expect to be confronted with a layered air defence that consists of long range radar and long range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems with