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Defence Notes
Taiwan approved for $11 billion weapon purchase from US
19th December 2025
The US State Department’s approval of a multi-billion-dollar sale of weapons to Taiwan includes tactical mission networks equipment, uncrewed aerial systems, artillery rocket systems and self-propelled howitzers as well as anti-tank guided missiles.
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Land Warfare
Spira’s Ilgar loitering munition in service
22nd September 2025
Armed forces are now procuring large numbers of loitering munitions with many developers having evolved their own designs to meet this burgeoning demand. Turkey’s Spira is one such company and is fulfilling contracts and developing new missiles.
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Naval Warfare
Stockholm prepares to choose between three European frigate proposals
29th April 2026
Sweden’s Luleå frigate programme is gathering momentum, with a Saab and Babcock joint proposal and Navantia and Naval Group each presenting distinct propositions for a quartet of warships.
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Land Warfare
February land forces roundup: ST Engineering and Russia lift the lid on new platforms
27th February 2026
This month we saw a major presence from Turkish, Russian and Chinese companies at the World Defense Show with new vehicles from major suppliers, while elsewhere there were evolving mortar programmes and artillery modernisation efforts.
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Air Warfare
Will fresh FCAS talks resolve political turmoil?
16th December 2025
German, French and Spanish leadership set an end-of-year deadline to decide the fate of the Future Combat Air System programme which has struggled with a political stalemate for the latter half of 2025.
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Land Warfare
Turkey’s latest IFV takes shape as key subsystems revealed
25th August 2025
First deliveries of the SARP 100/35 remote-controlled turret (RCT) for Altuğ, developed as a private venture by Aselsan, will be made in 2027.
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Naval Warfare
South Korea advances next-gen naval concepts for future force needs
13th June 2025
HHI and Hanwha Ocean outline highly autonomous and unmanned-enabled designs as the ROKN explores force structure for the 2030s and beyond.
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Air Warfare
Tactical UAS: mission-driven innovation for a new battlefield era
26th August 2025
As global conflicts evolve and the limitations of traditional UAS become clear, Aeronautics is redefining the tactical unmanned aerial systems space with platforms that prioritize survivability, flexibility, and mission effectiveness.
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Air Warfare
Can emergent suppliers of fighter aircraft crack Middle East markets?
9th January 2026
The 2025 Dubai Airshow saw several aspiring suppliers of combat aircraft to the region’s air forces parade their wares in the sky and on the ground. Shephard’s Edward Hunt explores their chance of success in the Middle East.
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Land Warfare
Australia and Canada approved for $2.5 billion HIMARS buys
3rd October 2025
Australia already operates M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) after receiving first units in March and conducting the first firings in August. Canada’s order comes in the face of a commitment from the government to move away from US products.
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Defence Notes
Unfolding the Golden Dome for America: Seven things you should know about the programme
3rd June 2025
Shephard talked to multiple experts about the most pressing concerns and considerations regarding the air defence system advocated by President Trump.
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Land Warfare
DSEI 2025: Rheinmetall adds Lockheed Martin missile punch to Fuchs vehicle
9th September 2025
The combination of the Rheinmetall platform with Lockheed Martin missiles is seen as the bringing together of mature systems to provide a capability in the medium term, but trials could be as long as 12 months away.
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Naval Warfare
Netherlands to acquire Finnish littoral assault craft in LCVP replacement programme
17th October 2025
The Dutch navy had reportedly been considering BAE Systems’ Littoral Strike Craft to replace its ageing landing craft fleet.
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Land Warfare
Why modern air defense demands layers: inside Türkiye’s Steel Dome revolution
22nd September 2025
From swarming drones to hypersonic missiles, single-layer defenses are no longer enough. Türkiye’s Steel Dome shows the way forward.
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Defence Notes
Growing a digital backbone: an essential capability for the multi-domain battlespace
30th March 2026
Future operational superiority will be defined by the ability to connect systems, data and personnel into a wider network. For armed forces, this creates the need for a digital backbone that integrates and enhances sensors and effectors of all kinds.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Destroyers
Type 83 Future Air Defence System (FADS) [UK]
Programme Background Requirements The Daring-class (Type 45) consists of six ships, although the original plan was to have 12 destroyers. This was cut to eight in ...
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Destroyers
Next-Generation Large Surface Combatants (LSC) - DDG(X) [USN]
Programme Background Requirements The US Navy (USN) is acknowledging a need to move away from the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer design, which is slowly outgrowing. Flight III ...
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Frigates
European Combat Vessel [Spain]
Programme Background Requirements The European Combat Vessel (ECV) is currently a conceptual project that seeks to design a European collaborative multi-mission, modular warship. As of ...
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Landing platform docks/dock landing ships
Multi-Role Strike Ship (MRSS) Programme [UK]
Programme Background Requirements According to the UK MoD's March 2021 Defence Command Paper, entitled 'Defence in a Competitive Age', the RN will invest in six ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | Combat Fighter Jet [Ireland]
In February 2025, Simon Harris, the Irish Minister for Defence and Tánaiste, emphasised the importance of acquiring a new combat fighter jet to address aerial ...
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Data links
Data links | Combat Fighter Jet [Ireland]
In February 2025, Simon Harris, the Irish Minister for Defence and Tánaiste, emphasised the importance of acquiring a new combat fighter jet to address aerial ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
Air: Helmet-mounted displays | Combat Fighter Jet [Ireland]
In February 2025, Simon Harris, the Irish Minister for Defence and Tánaiste, emphasised the importance of acquiring a new combat fighter jet to address aerial ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | Combat Fighter Jet [Ireland]
In February 2025, Simon Harris, the Irish Minister for Defence and Tánaiste, emphasised the importance of acquiring a new combat fighter jet to address aerial ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | Combat Fighter Jet [Ireland]
In February 2025, Simon Harris, the Irish Minister for Defence and Tánaiste, emphasised the importance of acquiring a new combat fighter jet to address aerial ...
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Transport/tanker aircraft
A400M [Germany]
Programme Background Germany originally said it would but 60 A400Ms, but when the program was re-baselined in 2010 reduced its planed off take to 53, ...
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Destroyers
Sejong the Great Class (KDX-III) Batch 2 (1-3) [South Korea]
Programme Background Requirements The Sejong the Great class (KDX-III) Batch 2 will consist of three improved Sejong the Great-class (KDX-III) batch 1 guided-missile destroyers, which ...
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Military UAS - mini
U&C reconnaissance drones [US Army]
Methodology PGO The programme has been assigned a PGO of 100%, as a contract has been awarded. Unit cost It has not been clarified what ...
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Corvettes
Continental Defence Corvette [Canada]
Background Initial requirements Under the second pillar of its shipbuilding strategy, Canada is seeking to procure an undisclosed number of small vessels (below 1000t). Part ...
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Landing platform docks/dock landing ships
Landing Platform Docks [India]
Programme Background Requirements The LPD tender, although more akin to an LHD, specifies that the quartet of ships must be built within India, although collaboration ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
Alpha 900 [Uruguay]
Background Acqustiion In October 2022, the Alpha 900 from Alpha Unmanned Systems was reportedly jointly purchased by the Uruguayan state energy company UTE and the ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Laser-directed energy weapons
Fractl:2
Fractl:2, developed and manufactured by AIM Defence, is an Australian laser directed energy weapon (LDEW). The high-powered portable system is Australia's first acquisition of a directed ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
Apollo
Apollo is a High-Energy Laser Weapon System manufactured by Electro Optic Systems (EOS). Apollo's laser utilises directed energy to disable or destroy aerial targets without ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
DIAL
The Laser Weapon Instrumental Demonstrator (DIAL), in joint development with Indra and Escribano Mechanical Engineering, is a Spanish laser directed energy weapon (LDEW). The system ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
Minotaur
Minotaur, developed by Soukos Robots, is a Greek laser directed energy weapon (LDEW). Minotaur is an anti-drone platform with the ability to shoot down unmanned ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
Italian LDEW (Leonardo/MBDA)
As announced in December 2024, Leonardo and MBDA are collaborating to produce a Fire Unit Laser Directed Energy Weapon (LDEW) for the Italian Navy. The ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons, Self-propelled guns, Self-propelled missile systems
SkyRanger 30
SkyRanger 30 is a mobile ground-based air defence (GBAD) laser directed energy weapon (LDEW) system designed by Rheinmetall. The system comprises automatic cannons, guided missiles, and a ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
CROSSBOW MINI
CROSSBOW MINI, developed by IPG Photonics, is a laser-directed energy weapon (LDEW). The LDEW has multiple deployable configurations and is a part of the manufacturers ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
Archimedes
Archimedes, developed by Aurelius Systems, is a laser-directed energy weapon designed to stop drones at scale. The system is still in development, though Aurelius received ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
ALKA-KAPLAN
ALKA-KAPLAN is a collaborative effort between Turkish manufacturers ROKETSAN and FNSS. The system is a mobile armoured anti-drone system, which integrates the ALKA directed energy-weapon ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
German LDEW (Rheinmetall/MBDA)
Rheinmetall and MBDA Germany's collaborative work on laser-directed energy weapon (LDEW) technology has resulted in a German laser weapon system that is close to being ...
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Laser-directed energy weapons
Guorong-1 Anti Drone System
Guorong-1 is an anti-drone system developed by China. The system is jointly developed by the Chinese Electronics Technology Group (CETG), Guorong Technology, and the Chinese public ...
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Counter-UAS systems
DroneDefender
DroneDefender is a directed-energy UAS countermeasure that disrupts the adversary's control of the aircraft, neutralising it so that no remote action (including detonation) can occur, ...
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MPVs - 4x4
SCATA Mk1
The SCATA Mk1 is the first military vehicle developed by Finland's SCATA.
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Destroyers
Flight III Destroyer
During Indo Pacific 2023, Navantia Australia unveiled a 10200t destroyer design. Dubbed as Flight III Destroyer, the Spanish shipbuilder is pitching the ship for the ...
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Counter-UAS systems
MEHEL 2.0
The Mobile Expeditionary High-Energy Laser (MEHEL) is a C-UAS-capable vehicle that employs directed energy to neutralise targets. MEHEL 2.0 was first seen at AUSA 2016, ...
