Insight: What is the way forward for the propulsion systems of conventional submarines?
In September 2024, Naval Group was awarded a contract to deliver four Orka-class submarines as part of the Walrus Replacement Programme (Image: Naval Group).
Recent advancements in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology have led to a resurgence of conventional diesel-electric submarines. As a result, shipbuilders like Naval Group have opted to move away from air-independent propulsion (AIP) systems and instead focus on a range of submarines equipped with a full LIB configuration.
AIP has served as a reference point for all countries operating non-nuclear submarines for decades. For example, the Netherlands, which operates older diesel-electric submarines equipped with traditional batteries, has long viewed the future adoption of next-generation AIP submarines as the most logical choice for their procurement needs. Recent developments in LIBs, however, have shuffled the deck in the underwater domain, making AIP-equipped submarines a less obvious procurement option.
Air independent propulsion vs full lithium-ion battery configuration
Whether based on fuel cells or Stirling engines, the AIP system provides energy directly to the electric motor that drives the submarine propeller. The
Already have an account? Log in
Want to keep reading this article?
More from Naval Warfare
-
![Taiwan multiplies mine-layer vessel and UAV inventories to deter PLA]()
Taiwan multiplies mine-layer vessel and UAV inventories to deter PLA
Taiwan is strengthening its deterrence against the PLA through an asymmetric arsenal that includes fast mine-laying vessels and domestically developed UAVs.
-
![L3Harris expands footprint across Europe via Everest NL and new contracts]()
L3Harris expands footprint across Europe via Everest NL and new contracts
L3Harris is targeting European naval modernisation with new uncrewed surface vessels, SATCOM partnerships, and regional investments including defence exercises and facility openings.
-
![BAE Systems to collaborate with Umoe Mandal on Type 26 frigate and Littoral Strike Craft]()
BAE Systems to collaborate with Umoe Mandal on Type 26 frigate and Littoral Strike Craft
The agreement is intended to boost opportunities for both UK and Norwegian naval shipbuilding.
-
![Thin-line towed arrays on uncrewed vessels deliver more cost-effective sonar, says SEA]()
Thin-line towed arrays on uncrewed vessels deliver more cost-effective sonar, says SEA
Miniaturisation of technology opens up radical sensing technologies to smaller navies under submarine threat, according to SEA sonar expert.
