Senior NATO and Russian officials made no progress on 25 November in talks on saving the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces treaty, raising the spectre of a renewed arms race in Europe.

‘There was no real progress in the meeting today because Russia did not indicate any willingness to change their position,’ NATO secretary general Jens Stoltenberg said.

Western capitals allege that Russia's latest generation of medium-range missiles breach the terms of the Cold War era INF treaty, and put European cities at risk.

The United States has warned that it will begin a six-month withdrawal process from the treaty on 2 February, unless Russia withdraws the 9M729 ground-based missile system.

Moscow, however, denies that the missile breaches the accord -- insisting that it has a shorter range than the kind of cruise missiles banned under the accord.

Senior Russian officials including deputy foreign minister Sergei Ryabkov attended Friday's meeting in Brussels, but Stoltenberg said they gave no ground.

‘Russia is now violating the treaty by developing and deploying new missiles,’ Stoltenberg said.

‘These new missiles are hard to detect, they are mobile, they are nuclear-capable, they can reach European cities and they reduce the warning time and therefore the threshold for any potential use of nuclear weapons.’

Stoltenberg described the short period until February 2 and the subsequent six-month US treaty withdrawal process as a ‘window of opportunity’ for Russia to ‘come back into compliance.’

But, in the meantime, he said: ‘We have to realise that the treaty is in real jeopardy. That's the reason why we have asked our military commanders to look into the consequences of a world without an INF treaty.’