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Naval Warfare
NATO’s largest exercise for decades is shaping future transatlantic security
27th February 2024
Steadfast Defender 24 (STDE24), the main NATO multi-domain exercise for 2024, has seen large-scale national and multinational live exercises taking place across the whole NATO area. Among the challenges it has attempted to tackle have been the increased lethality of uncrewed systems and how to enhance amphibious landings in cold environments.
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Land Warfare
How Europe is enhancing AFV survivability to counter new and old threats
23rd December 2023
A growing number of NATO countries are planning to upgrade their fleets of tracked and wheeled armoured fighting vehicles (AFV) to improve their survivability against emerging battlefield threats.
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Naval Warfare
What is happening with the Greek corvette competition?
26th March 2024
The Hellenic Navy has been in the process of replacing its nine remaining Elli-class (Kortaener/S-type) frigates with two new acquisition programmes for frigates and corvettes. The US offer of second-hand US Navy (USN) Littoral Combat Ships (LCS) as potential corvette replacement, however, has given the Greek government pause for thought.
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Training
US Air Force fires warning as China attempts to recruit US airmen
20th February 2024
US Air Force authorities have warned that Beijing has been trying to contract experienced US personnel to fill PRC training gaps in tactics, techniques and procedures.
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Training
Ukrainian pilots begin flying F-16 fighters as Norway releases two jets for training
3rd January 2024
Ukrainian pilots have progressed from working on foundational flight skills in the UK to advanced F-16 Fighting Falcon instruction in Denmark.
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Land Warfare
Supacat pushes Jackal base for different vehicle types and develops new variants
2nd February 2024
The Jackal 3, the latest version of the vehicle in service with the British Army, may be heavier but it has improved capability and ergonomics.
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Naval Warfare
Plans halted for joint German-Dutch frigate replacement
28th February 2024
Cooperation between the governments of Germany and the Netherlands on a replacement air defence frigate project for their respective fleets will likely be cancelled.
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Defence Notes
Pentagon will run out of funds to support Ukraine over the coming week
10th November 2023
The US Department of Defense has implored Congress to approve the national security supplemental request in order to continue to meet Kyiv's battlefield needs.
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Naval Warfare
US Coast Guard awaits $350 million to acquire icebreakers
1st February 2024
The service has declared its intention to purchase an existing commercially available polar vessel, a new Great Lakes icebreaker and Polar Security Cutters.
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Land Warfare
The US Government approves the sale of long-range artillery and rocket systems to Latvia
25th October 2023
Under the Foreign Military Sale (FMS) approved by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) Latvia could receive M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) and M30A2 Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS).
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Land Warfare
As the Ukraine war passes the 18-month mark, how are NATO’s factories meeting the artillery challenge?
18th September 2023
NATO is rapidly increasing its supply of equipment to Ukraine in a number of key areas including tube artillery and, crucially, its ammunition. Shephard analyses how the alliance's members are stepping up to this challenge after years of industrial neglect.
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Land Warfare
US Army explores sending ground robots underwater for logistics supply
2nd January 2024
The US Army is conducting research with commercially available solutions to assess their performance carrying diverse types of payloads.
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Naval Warfare
Russia signs agreement for Black Sea naval base
6th October 2023
Abkhazia has offered Russia an alternative Black Sea base to ports in Crimea where it has faced attacks by Ukrainian forces, according to Russian state media.
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Land Warfare
Will reliance on Russian supply chain scupper Lazar APC upgrades?
7th December 2023
Two Serbian armoured vehicles, the Lazar 8x8 and the Lazanski 8x8, have been equipped with different remote controlled weapon stations and protection levels.
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Land Warfare
Rheinmetall to provide 100,000 rounds of ammunition to Ukraine
8th November 2023
Rheinmetall received a US$4.4 billion framework agreement in July for 120mm ammunition which has been followed by orders for hundreds-of-thousands of shells.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Golden Eagle (Ukraine Aid) [NATO Member]
Programme Background 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the usage and effectiveness of micro and mini UAV platforms ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Orlan-10 [Russian Navy]
Background Frigate Augmentation Before Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the country planned to augment its Admiral Gorshkov class frigates with indigenously developed Orlan-10 ...
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Loitering munitions
Switchblade 600 (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background $300 Million USAI (1 April 2022) On 1 April 2022, the US DoD announced a $300 million military aid package for Ukraine following ...
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APCs/IFVs - 6x6
Patria 6x6 (Ukraine Aid) [Latvia]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Latvia has been part of the allied coalition providing Ukraine with military support. Previous Latvian ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CV90 (Ukraine Aid) [Denmark & Sweden]
Programme Background Following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Ukraine was the recipient of a number of Western systems, many of which ...
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MPVs - 4x4
Spartan SUT [Russia]
Programme Background Despite international sanctions following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, Streit Group vehicles are believed to have continued to make their way into ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
KF41 Lynx [Ukraine]
Programme Background Following the full-scale Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine has sought to acquire a range of different Western platforms to replace its older Soviet ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
AR3 (Ukraine Aid) [UK]
Background £270 Million investment On 15 September 2025, the UK MoD noted that, since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the UK ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing
Drones (Ukraine Aid) [Norway]
Programme Background September 2024 On 3 September 2024, the Norwegian government announced that "Ukraine will get more drones donated to their frontline, and more air ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Phoenix Ghost (Ukraine Aid) [US]
Programme Background Presidential Drawdown (21 April 2022) Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, on 21 April 2022, President Biden announced an $800 ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Bison & Coyote (Ukraine Aid) [Canada]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Canada has been one of several NATO countries to supply Ukraine with continuous support. ...
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Main battle tanks
M1A1 Abrams (Ukraine Aid) [Australia]
Programme Background Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Australia has been amongst the various Western allies providing Ukraine with military aid. Prior ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
RQ-35 Heidrun (Ukraine Aid) [Germany]
Programme Background Early 2024 On 28 March 2024, the German Federal Government provided an update on the military aid it had given to Ukraine. In ...
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Loitering munitions, Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Drone40 (Ukraine Aid) [Australia]
Programme Background In August 2022, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), a think tank, held a podcast with Ukraine's ambassador to Australia, Vasyl Myroshnychenko, in which ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Volat V2 [Belarus]
Programme Background The MZKT-690003 Volat V2 is an amphibious 8x8 IFV designed by the Belarusian Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant. The Volat V2 is intended to ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Transport/tanker aircraft
Il-78M
Based on the Il-76 transport, the Il-78 convertible tanker/transport aircraft first entered service in 1974 and was followed three years later by the improved Il-78M ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Shark
The Shark is a fixed-wing catapult-launched ISR UAV developed by Ukrspecsystems. The Shark-D is the original variant; an improved Shark-M variant was unveiled in early 2025. ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Bayraktar TB2
The Bayraktar TB2, or Bayraktar-2, is a medium-altitude long-endurance UAV developed and manufactured by Baykar. The platform can conduct ISR and armed attack missions and has a ...
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Land: battlefield and ground surveillance radar, Land: coastal surveillance radars
SNAR-10M1
The SNAR-10M1 is a mobile, armoured, self-propelled radar system manufactured by Almaz-Antey. It is designed with an automatic coordinate readout for locating moving ground and ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Orion / Orion-E
The Orion, sometimes called the Inokhodets, is the first Russian-manufactured MALE UAV that has been designed to carry out a wide variety of military surveillance applications. Russia has ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Forpost (series)
The Forpost was a variant of the Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) Searcher Mk II produced under license in Russia until 2016. Following US pressure, Israel refused to ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
BMP-1
The BMP-1 (Bronevaya Maschina Piekhota-1) is a tracked amphibious IFV that was developed in the Soviet Union during the 1960s. Entering service with the Soviet ...
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Land: air defence radar
Nebo-SVU
The Nebo-SVU is an air defence radar distributed by Rosoboronexport in Russia and is currently used by the Russian Army and the Iranian Army. It ...
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MPVs - 4x4
KamAZ-43269 Vystrel
The KamAZ-43269 Vystrel (originally known as the BPM-97) is a 4x4 armoured vehicle based on the proven KamAZ-4326 4x4 military truck chassis. Although development started in ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - mini
Eleron-3 (Series)
The Eleron series comprises several variants, including Eleron-3 (T23E), Eleron-3SV, Eleron-B, Eleron-10 (T10D and 10E) and Eleron-10SV (T10). The Russian Armed Forces use Eleron-3 aircraft ...
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Military UAS - micro, Military UAS - rotary-wing
Mavic 3 (Series)
The Mavic 3 is a rotary-wing UAV manufactured by DJI, designed for commercial aerial photography and video capture. It has a Hasselblad L2D-20c two-camera payload, omnidirectional obstacle sensing, and ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - tactical
Orlan-10/10E
Developed by the Russia-based Special Technology Center, the Orlan-10 is a medium-range UAS with many variants, such as the 10E, an export version introduced in 2017. The ...
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Main battle tanks
BMPT
UVZ developed the BMPT Fire Support Combat Vehicle, nicknamed Terminator by the company, after studying the Russian Army's performance during the Chechen War. Designed to ...
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Air: aerial targets, Loitering munitions, Military UAS - fixed-wing
Gerbera
The Gerbera is a rudimentary Russian UAV manufactured by the Gastello Design Bureau. The drone's body is made of radar-absorbent foam, and the platform is ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
BTR-70
The BTR-70 is an amphibious 8x8 armoured personnel carrier originally developed for the Soviet Union's armed forces. Produced in the Soviet Union from 1972 until ...
